Linguestic Vocab

Question 1

linguistic competence

Answer 1

what we know when we know a language; the unconscious knowledge that a speaker has about her or his native language

Question 2

linguistic performance

Answer 2

the observable use of language. the actualization of one’s linguistic compentence

Question 3

performance error

Answer 3

errors in language production or comprehension, including hesitations and slips of the tongue

Question 4

speech communication chain steps

Answer 4

1. think of what you want to communicate
2. pick out words to express the idea
3. put those words together in a certain order
4. figure out how to pronounce these words
5. send those pronunciations to vocal anatomy
6. speak
7. perceive
8. decode
9. connect

Question 5

noise

Answer 5

interference in the communication chain

Question 6

lexicon

Answer 6

a mental repository of linguistic information of words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties. as a part of a descriptive not mental grammar, the lexicon is the representation of the mental lexicon consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expressions

Question 7

mental grammar

Answer 7

the mental representation of grammar. the knowledge that a speaker has about the linguistic units and rules of their native language

Question 8

language variation

Answer 8

the property of languages having different ways to express the same meanings in different contexts according to factors such as geography, social class, gender, etc

Question 9

descriptive grammar

Answer 9

objective description of a speakers or a group of speakers knowledge of a language competence based on their use of language

Question 10

prescriptive grammar

Answer 10

a set of rules designed to give instructions regarding the socially embedded notion of the “correct” or “proper” way to speak and right.

Question 11

mode of communication

Answer 11

means thru which a message is transmitted for any given communication

Question 12

semanticity

Answer 12

property of having signals that convey a meaning, shared by all communication systems

Question 13

pragmatic function

Answer 13

the useful purpose of any given communication system

Question 14

interchangeability

Answer 14

the property of a communication system by which all individuals have the ability to both transmit and review messages

Question 15

cultural transmission

Answer 15

property of a communication system referring to the fact that at least some aspects of it are learned thru interaction with other users of the system

Question 16

arbitrariness

Answer 16

in relation to language, refers to the fact that a word’s meaning is not predictable from it linguistic form nor is its form dictated by its meaning

Question 17

linguistic sign

Answer 17

the combination of a linguistic form and meaning

Question 18

convention

Answer 18

something that is established, commonly agreed upon, or operating in a certain way according to common practice

Question 19

nonarbitrariness

Answer 19

direct correspondence between the physical properties of a form and the meaning that the form refers to

Question 20

iconic

Answer 20

relationship between form and meaning such that the form of a word bears a resemblance to its meaning

Question 21

onomatopoeia

Answer 21

use of words that are imitative of sounds occurring in nature or that have meanings that are associated with such sounds

Question 22

conventionalized

Answer 22

something that is established, commonly agreed upon, or operating in a certain way according to common practice

Question 23

sound symbolism

Answer 23

phenomenon by which certain sounds are evocative of a particular meaning

Question 24

discreteness

Answer 24

the property of communication systems by which complex messages may be built up out of smaller parts

Question 25

displacement

Answer 25

the property of some communication systems that allows them to be used to communicate about things, actions, and ideas that are not present at the place or time where communication is taking place

Question 26

productivity

Answer 26

the capacity of a communication system for novel messages built out of discrete units to be produced and understood

Question 27

modality

Answer 27

means thru which a message is transmitted for any given communication

Question 28

myths about signed languages (list 4)

Answer 28

1. sign language is derived from spoken language

2. its a language code

Question 29

differences between codes and languages (list 4)

Answer 29

1. no structure
2. artificial language
   3.