File 3 vocab

Question 1

phonology

Answer 1

the study of how sounds are organized within a language and how they interact with each other

Question 2

phonetic inventory

Answer 2

the sounds that are produced as part of the language

Question 3

phonetic contraints

Answer 3

the restrictions on possible combinations of sounds

Question 4

meaningful

Answer 4

changing the sound from voiced to voiceless changes the word produced

Question 5

aspiration

Answer 5

voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable

Question 6

phoneme

Answer 6

a set of speech sounds that are perceived to be variants of the same sound

Question 7

contrastive distribution

Answer 7

a case in which two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment, and using one rather than the other changes the meaning of the word

Question 8

minimal pair

Answer 8

two words, with different meanings, whose pronounciations differ by exactly one sound

Question 9

free variation

Answer 9

term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words

Question 10

overlapping distribution

Answer 10

the occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments

Question 11

underlying form

Answer 11

the mapping between the phonetic form

Question 12

conditioning enviroment

Answer 12

neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change

Question 13

sibilant

Answer 13

segments that have a high pitched, hissing sound quality

Question 14

labial

Answer 14

a member of a natural class of sounds produced with with lips

Question 15

obstruents

Answer 15

produced with an obstruction of the airflow;

stops, fricatives, and affricates

Question 16

sonorants

Answer 16

produced with a relatively open passage for the air flow;

nasal, liquids, glides, and vowels

Question 17

assimilation

Answer 17

cause a sound (gesture) to become more like a neighboring sound (gesture) with respect to some phonetic property

Question 18

nasal place assimilation

Answer 18

an alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant

Question 19

palatalization

Answer 19

a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal

Question 20

vowel harmony

Answer 20

a back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word

Question 21

manner dissimilation

Answer 21

a stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop

Question 22

voiceless stop insertion

Answer 22

between a nasal consonant and a voiceless fricative, voiceless stop with the same place of articulation as the nasal is inserted

Question 23

metathesis

Answer 23

change the order of sounds; when three consecutive consonants occur, the first consonant trades places with the preceding vowel

Question 24

flapping

Answer 24

an alveolar oral (stop) is realized as when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel

Question 25

stregthening

Answer 25

makes sounds stronger