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Eng 211 > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

affix

A

bound morpheme that attaches to a stem

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2
Q

affixation

A

process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

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3
Q

agglutinating language

A

a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes;
morphemes are joined together loosely so that it is easy to determine where the boundaries between morphemes are

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4
Q

allomorph

A

one of a set of non-distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

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5
Q

alternation

A

the morphological process that uses morpheme internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions

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6
Q

ambiguity

A

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form (eg, a word or a string of words) can be the form of more than one linguistic expression

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7
Q

analytic language

A

type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes. grammatical relationships are often indicated by word order. ex: Chinese and Vietnamese

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8
Q

bound morpheme

A

a morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself

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9
Q

bound root

A

morpheme that has some associated basic meaning but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right

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10
Q

closed lexical category

A

lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time

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11
Q

compounding

A

processes of forming words by combining two or more independent words

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12
Q

conjuction

A

a lexical category that consists of function words such as “and, but, however”

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13
Q

content morpheme

A

morpheme that carries semantic content rather than merely performing a grammatical function

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14
Q

content word

A

a word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase

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15
Q

derivation

A

a morphological process that changes a word’s lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way

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16
Q

determiner

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as “the, a, this, all” syntactically consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase

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17
Q

form

A

the structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, from individual segments to strings of words

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18
Q

free morpheme

A

a morpheme that can stand alone as a word

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19
Q

function morpheme

A

morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence

20
Q

function word

A

a word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase

21
Q

fusional language

A

a type of synthetic language in which the relationship between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate form the stem

22
Q

hierarchical structure

A

the dominance relationship among morphemes in a a word or among constituents in a phrase

23
Q

homophony

A

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form or sound the same

24
Q

incorporation

A

morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a poly synthetic language

25
Q

infix

A

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

26
Q

inflection

A

a morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information such as a number, person, tense or gender

27
Q

input

A

the linguistic form before the application of a rule or set of rules

28
Q

lexical category

A

class of words grouped together based on morphological properties; traditionally known as part of speech

29
Q

lexicon

A

a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties.

30
Q

morpheme

A

smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function

31
Q

morphology

A

the study of how words are constructed out of morphemes

32
Q

open lexical category

A

lexical category into which new members are often introduced

33
Q

output

A

the linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or set of rules

34
Q

partial reduplication

A

morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplication

35
Q

polysynthetic language

A

a type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

36
Q

prefix

A

affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem

37
Q

preposition

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions (such as “in, for, with”); syntactically this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in an expression of a category prepositional phrase

38
Q

productive

A

describes a morpheme or rule (such as a morphological rule stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem) that can be used to produce novel grammatical forms

39
Q

pronoun

A

the name of a lexical category that consists of words such a i, she, us; syntactically pronouns belong to the category noun phrase

40
Q

reduplicant

A

the morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication

41
Q

reduplication

A

process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word

42
Q

root

A

the free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word and to which affixes can attach

43
Q

simultaneous affix

A

an affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a words stem; exists only in visual gestural languages

44
Q

stem

A

the base, consisting of one or more morphemes to which some affix is added. the stem always includes the root and may also include one or more affixes

45
Q

suffix

A

affix that attaches to the end of the stem

46
Q

suppletion

A

a morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other

Eng 211 (6 decks)

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