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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > Synovial Fluid > Flashcards

Synovial Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

viscous fluid that lubricates joints

A

Synovial fluid

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1
Q
  1. Lubricates joints
  2. Reduce friction
  3. provides nutrients to articular cartilage
  4. Lesson shock of joint compression
A

Synovial fluid

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2
Q

Specialized cells that secretes MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE that consists of HYALURONIC ACID

A

Synoviocytes

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3
Q

Method of Collection of Synovial Fluid

A

Arthrocentesis

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4
Q

Normal Adult Synovial Fluid

A

< 3.5 mL

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5
Q

Inflammation in joints Synovial fluid

A

> 25 mL

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6
Q

Clotted Synovial Fluid is seen in patient with

A

Joint Disease

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7
Q

Fluid is often collected with ____ that has been moistened with ___

A

Syringe ; Liquid heparin

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8
Q

_____ SHOULD NOT BE USED MAY PRODUCE ARTIFACTS

A

Powdered anticoagulants

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9
Q

Test tubes for Arthrocentesis:

Gram stain and Culture

A

Sterile heparinized
Sodium Polyanethol sulfonate

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10
Q

Test tubes for Arthrocentesis:

Cell count

A

Liquid EDTA
Heparin

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11
Q

Test tubes for Arthrocentesis:

Glucose analysis

A

Sodium Fluoride

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12
Q

Test tubes for Arthrocentesis:

Other test

A

non-anticoagulated

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13
Q

Appearance:

Clear and Pale Yellow

A

Normal

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14
Q

Appearance:

Deeper Yellow

A

Inflammation

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15
Q

Appearance:

Greenish tinge

A

Infection

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16
Q

Appearance:

Red

A

Trauma/Disorder

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17
Q

Appearance:

Milky

A

Presence crystals

18
Q

Increased Turbidity of Synovial fluid

A

Rice Bodies
Metal and Plastic (Joint prostheses)
Cartilage Fragment (Orthoarthritis)

19
Q

Presence of Ground Pepper

A

Ochronosis (Chronotic chards ; Accumulation of homogentisic acid)

20
Q

Polymerization of hyaluronic acid

A

Viscosity

21
Q

2 test for Synovial Fluid Viscosity

A
  1. String Test
  2. Ropes Test / Mucin Clot Test
22
Q

ability to form a string from tip of syringe

A

String Test

23
Q

Normal String Test

A

4-6 cm

24
Q

Added in Ropes / Mucin Clot Test

A

2-5% Acetic Acid

25
Q

In Ropes / Mucin Clot Test Normal Synovial Fluid produces

A

Solid Clot surrounded by Clear Fluid

26
Q

As the ability of Hyaluronate to polymerize decreases; clots _____ and fluid ____ turbidity

A

Clot becomes less firm ; Increased Turbidity

27
Q

ROPES / MUCIN CLOT TEST:

Solid Clot

A

Good

28
Q

ROPES / MUCIN CLOT TEST:

Soft Clot

A

Fair

29
Q

ROPES / MUCIN CLOT TEST:

Friable Clot

A

Low

30
Q

ROPES / MUCIN CLOT TEST:

No clot

A

Poor

31
Q

Cell Count for Synovial:

Added in very viscous fluid

A

0.05% Hyaluronidase in phosphate buffer

32
Q

Cell Count for Synovial:

Pretreated very viscous synovial fluid is incubated at

A

37 deg cel. for 5 minutes

33
Q

Cell Count for Synovial:

Manual count is done by using

A

Newbauer Counting chamber

34
Q

Cell Count for Synovial:

Clear fluids is usually counted ____ ; while turbid and bloody ____

A

CLEAR FLUID - UNDILUTED
TURBID / BLOODY - DILUTED

35
Q

Cell Count for Synovial:

Traditional WBC diluent (Acetic acid) IS NOT USED DUE TO

A

May form mucin clot

36
Q

Diluents for Synovial Fluid:

Total Cell Count, RBC Count

A

Normal Saline (0.85% NaCl)

37
Q

Diluents for Synovial Fluid:

WBC Count

A

Hypotonic Saline (0.3% NaCl)
Saline with saponin

38
Q

Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:

RBC

A

< 2000 cells/uL

39
Q

Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:

WBC

A

< 200 cells /uL

40
Q

Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:

Monocytes and Macrophages

A

65 %

41
Q

Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:

Lymphocytes

A

< 25%

42
Q

Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:

Neutrophils

A

< 15%

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (24 decks)

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