Synovial Fluid Flashcards
viscous fluid that lubricates joints
Synovial fluid
- Lubricates joints
- Reduce friction
- provides nutrients to articular cartilage
- Lesson shock of joint compression
Synovial fluid
Specialized cells that secretes MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE that consists of HYALURONIC ACID
Synoviocytes
Method of Collection of Synovial Fluid
Arthrocentesis
Normal Adult Synovial Fluid
< 3.5 mL
Inflammation in joints Synovial fluid
> 25 mL
Clotted Synovial Fluid is seen in patient with
Joint Disease
Fluid is often collected with ____ that has been moistened with ___
Syringe ; Liquid heparin
_____ SHOULD NOT BE USED MAY PRODUCE ARTIFACTS
Powdered anticoagulants
Test tubes for Arthrocentesis:
Gram stain and Culture
Sterile heparinized
Sodium Polyanethol sulfonate
Test tubes for Arthrocentesis:
Cell count
Liquid EDTA
Heparin
Test tubes for Arthrocentesis:
Glucose analysis
Sodium Fluoride
Test tubes for Arthrocentesis:
Other test
non-anticoagulated
Appearance:
Clear and Pale Yellow
Normal
Appearance:
Deeper Yellow
Inflammation
Appearance:
Greenish tinge
Infection
Appearance:
Red
Trauma/Disorder
Appearance:
Milky
Presence crystals
Increased Turbidity of Synovial fluid
Rice Bodies
Metal and Plastic (Joint prostheses)
Cartilage Fragment (Orthoarthritis)
Presence of Ground Pepper
Ochronosis (Chronotic chards ; Accumulation of homogentisic acid)
Polymerization of hyaluronic acid
Viscosity
2 test for Synovial Fluid Viscosity
- String Test
- Ropes Test / Mucin Clot Test
ability to form a string from tip of syringe
String Test
Normal String Test
4-6 cm
Added in Ropes / Mucin Clot Test
2-5% Acetic Acid
In Ropes / Mucin Clot Test Normal Synovial Fluid produces
Solid Clot surrounded by Clear Fluid
As the ability of Hyaluronate to polymerize decreases; clots _____ and fluid ____ turbidity
Clot becomes less firm ; Increased Turbidity
ROPES / MUCIN CLOT TEST:
Solid Clot
Good
ROPES / MUCIN CLOT TEST:
Soft Clot
Fair
ROPES / MUCIN CLOT TEST:
Friable Clot
Low
ROPES / MUCIN CLOT TEST:
No clot
Poor
Cell Count for Synovial:
Added in very viscous fluid
0.05% Hyaluronidase in phosphate buffer
Cell Count for Synovial:
Pretreated very viscous synovial fluid is incubated at
37 deg cel. for 5 minutes
Cell Count for Synovial:
Manual count is done by using
Newbauer Counting chamber
Cell Count for Synovial:
Clear fluids is usually counted ____ ; while turbid and bloody ____
CLEAR FLUID - UNDILUTED
TURBID / BLOODY - DILUTED
Cell Count for Synovial:
Traditional WBC diluent (Acetic acid) IS NOT USED DUE TO
May form mucin clot
Diluents for Synovial Fluid:
Total Cell Count, RBC Count
Normal Saline (0.85% NaCl)
Diluents for Synovial Fluid:
WBC Count
Hypotonic Saline (0.3% NaCl)
Saline with saponin
Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:
RBC
< 2000 cells/uL
Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:
WBC
< 200 cells /uL
Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:
Monocytes and Macrophages
65 %
Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:
Lymphocytes
< 25%
Normal Cell Count in Synovial Cells:
Neutrophils
< 15%
