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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > Fecalysis > Flashcards

Fecalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of Duodenum (4)

A
  1. Exocrine pancreatic secretion
  2. Bile
  3. Intestinal Secretion mixed with Gastric Secretion
  4. Possibly, PARTIALLY DIGESTED FOOD
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2
Q

Major Contributor of gastric component
1,500 mL/day passes in duodenum
pH = 8

A

Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion

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3
Q

1-2% organic: Enzymes
1% inorganic: Sodium & Bicarbonate

A

Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion

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4
Q

500-1000 mL/day
Yellow to brown or green
pH = 7.0 - 8.5

A

Bile

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5
Q

Bile is composed of

A
  1. Bile Salts (Sodium glycocholate and taurocholate)
  2. Bilirubin
  3. Cholesterol
  4. Phospholipid
  5. Inorganic salts
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6
Q

Only enzyme present in siginificant amount in bile

A

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

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7
Q

Detection of pathogenic bacteria and parasite

A

Fecalysis

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8
Q

Fecalysis is for early detection of

A
  1. gastrointestinal bleeding
  2. Liver
  3. Biliary Duct Obstruction
  4. Maldigestion Syndrome
  5. InflammationN
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9
Q

Normal feces produced everyday

A

100-200 g/day

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10
Q

Specimen for Qualitative testing for blood and microscopic of feces

A

Random fecal specimen
Plastic or Glass screw-top container

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11
Q

Mushy or foul smelling gray stool
Floats in water

A

Steatorrhea

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12
Q

Small, firm, spherical masses of stool (Scybala)

A

Constipation

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13
Q

Narrow, ribbon-like stool

A

Spastic bowel
Rectal narrowing or stricture

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14
Q

Blood from lower gut
Beets

A

Red

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15
Q

Bleeding from Upper GIT
Bismuth, Iron, Charcoal

A

Black

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16
Q

Spinach, green vegetables
calomel
biliverdin

A

Green

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17
Q

Presence of mucus in stool is

A

SIGNIFICANT AND MUST BE REPORTED

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18
Q

Translucent gelatinous mucus

A

Spastic constipation
Mucous Collitis

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19
Q

Blood Mucus

A

Neoplasm

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20
Q

Mucus associated with PUS AND BLOOD

A

Ulcerative collitis
Bacillary Dysentery
Ulcerating diverculitis
Intestinal tuberculosis

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21
Q

Copious quantity of mucus (3 or 4 L in 24 hrs)

A

Villous adenoma of colon

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22
Q

Large quantities of PUS in stool is seen in patient with

A

Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Chronic Biliary Dysentery

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23
Q

Pale Yellow, white, gray

A

Alcoholic Stool
Bile-duct obstruction, BARIUM SULFATE

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24
Q

Bile-duct obstruction
Pancreatic Disorders

A

Bulky/Frothy

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25
Q

Ribbon-like

A

Intestinal constriction

26
Q

Microscopic Examination of Feces is for detection of (3)

A
  1. Leukocytes
  2. Undigested Muscle Fibers
  3. Fecal Fats
27
Q

FECAL LEUKOCYTES:

Leukocytes that primarily affects INTESTINAL MUCOSA

A

Neutrophils

28
Q

FECAL LEUKOCYTES:

Presence of Fecal WBC is due to

A

INVASIVE PATHOGEN

29
Q

FECAL LEUKOCYTES:

Invasive Pathogens

A

Salmonella
Shigella
Campylobacter
Yersinia
EnteroInvasive E. Coli

30
Q

FECAL LEUKOCYTES:

Absence of Fecal WBC is due to

A

Toxin producing Microorganisms

31
Q

FECAL LEUKOCYTES:

Microorganisms that doesn’t elicit fecal WBC

A

S. aureus
Vibrio
Viruses
Parasite

32
Q

Test that is sensitive for leukocytes even if the stool is refrigerated and frozen

A

Lactoferrin Latex Agglutination Test

33
Q

Lactoferrin Latex agglutination tested positive for

A

Invasive pathogens in stool

34
Q

Wet preparation uses what stain

A

Methylene blue

35
Q

Dry smear for fecalysis uses

A

Wright’s stain
Gram Stain

36
Q

Under HIGH POWER ATLEAST ___NEUTROPHILS MUST BE SEEN

A

3 NEUTROPHILS

37
Q

UNDER OIL IMMERSION ___ NEUTROPHILS SHOULD BE SEEN FOR + INVASIVE PATHOGEN

A

ANY

38
Q

Helpful in diagnosing and monitoring patient with PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY OR CYSTIC FIBROSIS

A

Muscle Fiber

39
Q

MUSCLE FIBER:

Slides for muscle fiber detection must be emulsified in

A

10% alcoholic eosin

40
Q

MUSCLE FIBER:

In microscopic examination for muscle fiber the slide must be examined within

A

exactly 5 minutes

41
Q

MUSCLE FIBER:

In microscopic examination for muscle fiber the number of ____ is counted

A

Red-stained fibers

42
Q

MUSCLE FIBER:

More than 10 undigested fiber is reported as

A

INCREASED

43
Q

MUSCLE FIBER:

No striations

A

Digested fibers

44
Q

MUSCLE FIBER:

Striations with 2 directions

A

Undigested fibers

45
Q

MUSCLE FIBER:

Striations in 1 direction

A

Partially digested muscle fibers

46
Q

Specimens from suspected cases of steatorrhea can be screened microscopically

A

Qualitative Fecal Fats

47
Q

This procedure can also be used to monitor patients undergoing treatment for malabsorption disorders

A

Qualitative Fecal Fats

48
Q

Lipids included in microscopic examination of feces are

A
  1. Neutral fats
  2. Fatty acids salts (soap)
  3. fatty acids
  4. cholesterol
49
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS:

Dyes

A

Sudan III
Sudan IV
Oil Red O

50
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

readily stained by Sudan III

A

Neutral Fat Stain

51
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

Stool suspension + 95% ethanol + Sudan III =

A

ORANGE RED DROPLETS (Neutral fats/ Tryglycerides)

52
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

Not readily stained by sudan III

A

Fatty acids and Soaps

53
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

Fatty acids and soaps are tested using

A

Split Fat Stain

54
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

Split fat stain

Emulsified stool + _____ + _____ + Sudan III

A

36% Acetic Acid
Heat

55
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

In Split Fat Stain:

1st Slide (NT) - Normal

2nd Slide (FFA) - Increased

A

Malabsorption

56
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

In Split Fat Stain:

1st Slide (NT) - Increased

2nd Slide (FFA) - Normal

A

Maldigestion

57
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

disease results from damage intestinal mucosa

A

Malabsorption

58
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

disease results from decreased levels of pancreatic enzymes

A

Maldigestion

59
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

Split Fat Stain:

100 small droplets < 4um

A

Normal

60
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

Split Fat Stain:

100 small droplets 1 - 8 um

A

Slightly Increased

61
Q

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

Split Fat Stain:

100 small droplets

A

Increased (Steatorrhea)

62
Q

Hwbsja

A

Bwhaba

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (24 decks)

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