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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > Renal Diseases > Flashcards

Renal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Glomerular Disease Primary Result usually associated with

A

Macroscopic Proteinuria
Macroscopic Hematuria
Red Blood Cell Cast

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2
Q

Glomerular Disease

Disposition of immune complex with Group-A streptoccocal Infections

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

Glomerular Disease

Deposition of immune complex with systemic immune disorders

A

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to diagnose Acute Glomerulonephritis

A

Anti-Streptolysin O
Anti-Group A streptoccocal Enzyme

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5
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to diagnose Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

A

BUN
Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance

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6
Q

Glomerular Disease

Attachment of cytotoxic antibody in the basement membrane of alveolar and glomerular

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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7
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to order for Goodpasture’s Syndrome

A

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody

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8
Q

Glomerular Disease

Attachment anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody on the neutrophils of vascular walls causing damage to small vessels of lungs and glomerulus

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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9
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to order for diagnosis of Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody

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10
Q

Glomerular Disease

Occurs in children, following Viral Respiratory Infections causing to decrease in platelets disrupting vascular integrity

A

Henoch-Scholein Purpura

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11
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to Order for Henoch Scholein Purpura

A

Stool Occult Blood

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12
Q

Glomerular Disease

Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane = Increased Serum IgA

A

IgA nephropathy
Berger’s Disease

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13
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to order to diagnose IgA nephropathy

A

Serum Immunoglobulin A

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14
Q

Glomerular Disease

Thickening of Glomerular Membrane
IgG immune complex deposition
Systemic Disorders

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to order for Membranous Glomerulonephritis

A

Anti-nuclear Antibody (ANA)
Hepatitis B Antigen (HbsAg)
Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody - Absorption Test ( FTA-ABS)

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16
Q

Glomerular Disease

Cellular Proliferation affecting Capillary walls and glomerular basement membrane

A

Membrano-proliferative Glomerulonephritis

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17
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to order for Membrano-Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

A

Serum Complement Levels

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18
Q

Marked decrease in Renal Function

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

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19
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to order for Chronic Glomerulonephritis

A

BUN
Serum Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance
Electrolytes

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20
Q

Glomerular Disease

Primary Urinary Results of Chronic Glomerulonephritis

A

Hematuria
Proteinuria
GLUCOSURIA
CELLULAR AND GRANULAR CASTS
WAXY AND BROAD CASTS

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21
Q

Glomerular Disease

Disruption of Electrical Charges resulting to massive LOSS OF PROTEIN AND LIPIDS

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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22
Q

Glomerular Disease

Primary Urinary Result of Nephrotic patient

A

HEAVY proteinuria
Microscopic Hematuria
RTE cells
Oval Fat bodies
Fat droplets
Fatty and Waxy Casts

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23
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to order for Nephrotic Syndrome

A

Serum Albumin
Cholesterol
Triglycerides

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24
Q

Glomerular Disease

Disruption of Podocytes, usually in Children. Due to Allergic Reactions and Immunizations

A

Minimal Change Disease

25
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test for Minimal Change Disease

A

Serum Albumin
Triglycerides
Cholesterol

26
Q

Glomerular Disease

Disruption of podocytes in specific areas of Glomerular Membrane.

Due to ANALGESIC AND HEROIN ABUSE.

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulonephritis

27
Q

Glomerular Disease

Test to Order for Focal Segmental Glomerulonephritis

A

Drugs of Abuse
HIV

28
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Damage to renal tubular cells due to ISCHEMIA AND TOXIC AGENTS

A

Acute tubular Necrosis

29
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Test for Acute tubular Necrosis

A

Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Cardiac Enzymes

30
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Inherited
Cytinosis and Hartnup’s Disease
Exposure to toxic agents

A

Fanconi Syndrome

31
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Test for Fanconi Syndrome

A

Serum and Urine Electrolytes
Amino Acid Chromatography

32
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Fanconi Syndrome; UA result

A

Glucosuria
Cyteine Crystals

33
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Ascending Bacterial Infection on bladder

34
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Test for Cystitis

A

Urine Culture

35
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Cystitis primary UA result

A

Leucyturia
Bacteririua
Mild proteinuria
Increased pH
Micrscopic Hematuria

36
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Infection in Renal Tubules and Interstitium

A

Acute pyelonephritis

37
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Test for Acute pyelonephritis

A

Urine culture
Blood culture

38
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Acute pyelonephritis Primary Result

A

WBC CAST
WBC
Bacteria

39
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Recurrent infection of renal tubules and interstitium

A

Chronic Pyelonenephritis

40
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Test to Order for Chronic Pyelonephritis

A

Blood Culture
Urine culture
Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance

41
Q

TubuloInterstitial Disorders

Due to allergic Reactions and reaction to medications

A

Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance
BUN
Urine EOSINOPHILS

42
Q

It is formed in the calyces and pelvis of kidney, ureters, and bladder

A

Kidney stones/Renal Calculi

43
Q

Common in Western Industrialized countries

A

Renal Stones

44
Q

80% composition of Renal calculi

A

Calcium oxalate
or Mixture of oxalate and Calcium Phosphate

45
Q

3 to 10% Composition of Renal Calculi

A

Calcium phosphate, Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate, Uric Acid

46
Q

1 to 2% Composition of Renal Calculi

A

Cysteine crystals

47
Q

Formation of Calcium Composition is due to

A

Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
Primary Parahyperthryrodism
Bone Disease
Sarcoidosis
Berylliosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Excess intake of Milk, Alkali and Vit. D

48
Q

Calcium Oxalate is due to

A

Oxaliriua
Incomplete catabolism of Carbohydrate
EXCESS GLYCOGEN BREAKDOWN
Isohydria at 5.5 at 6.0

49
Q

It is due to same with Calcium Oxalate conditions, Alkaline infection (Urea-spitting Bacteria), Consistent Alkaline Urine

A

Calcium Phosphate

50
Q

Alkaline Infection with urea-splitting bacteria

A

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate

51
Q

Uric Acid and Urate Formation

A

Gout
Polycythemia
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Liver disease
Acid Isohydria
Theophylline and thiazide therapy
Conditions associated with RAPID PROTEIN CATABOLISM

52
Q
  1. Transient Disease acute phase of Chronic Renal disease
  2. Heavy Metal nephrotoxicity
  3. Aminoaciduria
  4. Renal Tubular Acidosis SYNDROME
53
Q

Values of pH can be associated with calculi formation:

< 5.5

A

CUAX

Cysteine
Uric Acid
Xanthine calculi

54
Q

Values of pH can be associated with calculi formation:

pH 5 to 6

A

Calcium Oxalate and Apatite Calculi (Calcium Phosphate)

CO-CP

55
Q

Values of pH can be associated with calculi formation:

pH > 7

A

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate
Calcium Phosphate Calculi

56
Q

Physical Characteristics of Calculi

Yellow to brownish red and moderately hard

A

Uric acid and Urate stones

57
Q

Physical Characteristics of Calculi

Pale and Friable

A

Phosphate stones

58
Q

Physical Characteristics of Calculi

VERY HARD, often of DARK COLOR, ROUGH SURFACE

A

Calcium Oxalate

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (24 decks)

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