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Saaliha Part 4 – PM4B > (SYNOPTIC) Palliative Care > Flashcards

(SYNOPTIC) Palliative Care Flashcards

1
Q

Define palliative care.

A

Active holistic care of patients with advanced progressive illness

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2
Q

What are some key symptoms experienced by palliative care patients?

A
  • delirium
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • N+V
  • constipation
  • dysphagia
  • dyspnoea
  • fatigue
  • bedsores
  • bone pain
  • xerostomia
    ø dry mouth
  • anorexia
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3
Q

What is the general treatment for neuropathic pain?

A

Antidepressants

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4
Q

What are some drugs commonly used in palliative care that can cause constipation?

A
  • opioids
  • iron
  • ondansetron
  • octreotide
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5
Q

What is the treatment for confusion/ agitation in palliative care?

A

Consider reversible causes

Treat as for delirium

  • Benzodiazepines
  • antipsychotic
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6
Q

What is the first line treatment for N+V due to gastric stasis?

A

Metoclopramide

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7
Q

What is the first line treatment for N+V due to obstruction (no colic)?

A

Metoclopramide + dexamethasone

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8
Q

What is the first line treatment for N+V due to obstruction (with colic)?

A

Cyclizine + buscopan

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9
Q

What is the first line treatment for N+V due to drugs/ biochemical causes?

A

Haloperidol

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10
Q

What is the first line treatment for N+V due to raised intracranial pressure?

A

Cyclizine + dexamethasone

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11
Q

What is the first line treatment for N+V due to radiotherapy?

A

Ondansetron

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12
Q

What is the first line treatment for N+V due to chemotherapy?

A

Ondansetron

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13
Q

What is the first line treatment for N+V due to an uncertain cause?

A

Haloperidol/ cyclizine

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14
Q

What is a common use of levomepromazine in palliative care?

A

Often used as a 2nd line treatment for nausea and vomiting

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15
Q

What is neutropenic sepsis?

A

Neutrophil count <0.5x10^9 + >38ºC temperature

Medical emergency & can occur in any patient who has received chemotherapy in <4 weeks

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16
Q

How is neutropenic sepsis managed?

A

Broad spectrum ABx IV within 1hr

- tazocin + gentamicin

17
Q

What is the treatment for malignant spinal cord compression?

A
  • dexamethasone
  • analgesia
  • radiotherapy
  • surgery
18
Q

What is the treatment of malignant hypercalcaemia?

A
  • Fluid replacement
  • bisphosphonates
    ø zolendronate
    ø pamidronate
19
Q

What are some symptoms that can be expected in a patient’s late/ last days (end of life)?

A
  • agitation
  • decreased level of consciousness
  • mottled skin
  • noisy respiratory secretions
  • cheyne-stokes breathing
20
Q

What is the purpose of using syringe drivers?

A

Used SC to give a steady plasma concentration of a drug

Useful when a patient is too weak to swallow drugs/ unconscious

21
Q

How can postural hypertension be resolved pharmacologically?

A

Midodrine + fludrocortisone

AVOID fludrocortisone in heart failure

Saaliha Part 4 – PM4B (73 decks)

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