Syndromes

Question 1

Which of the following is a corneal arcus often called posterior embryotoxon is a characteristic finding.

Occasionally , there may be

Corectopia , polycoria

hypoplasia of the anterior iris layer?

Answer 1

Axenfeld-reiger Syndrome

Question 2

the syndrome is also called spherophakia

Answer 2

Marchesani syndrome

Question 3

Which of the following syndrome that patient usually highly myopic, brachiocephalic, short and stocky with short fingers and the spherical lens tends to produce a papillary block and angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 3

Marchesani syndrome

Question 4

is a syndrome of arachnodactyly, cardiac anomalies, lens subluxation is present

Answer 4

Marfan’s syndrome

Question 5

Syndrome of arachnodactyly, cardiac anomalies, lens subluxation and the anomaly of meshwork is sometimes found similar to infantile glaucoma

Answer 5

Marfan’s syndrome

Question 6

A group of rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by loose joints, joint pain stretchy velvety skin and abnormal scar formation related to keratoconus.

Answer 6

Ehlers- Danlos Syndrome

Question 7

Color blindness found in these genetic disorders:

Answer 7

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Turner’s syndrome

Question 8

In _______syndrome there is failure of innervation of the lateral rectus by the sixth nerve. with anomalous innervation of the lateral rectus by fibers from the third nerve. The condition is often bilateral.

although frequently involvement in one eye may be very subtle. Some children have associated congenital defects such as perceptive deafness and speech disorder.

Answer 8

Duane retraction Syndrome

Question 9

• Congenital click syndrome where there is impaired movement of the superior oblique tendon through the trochlea
• Trauma to the trochlea or superior oblique tendon. .
• Inflammation of the tendon which may be caused by rheumatoid arthritis. pansinusitis and scleritis.

Answer 9

Brown syndrome

Question 10

caused by denervation of the postganglionic supply to the sphincter pupillae and the ciliary muscle.

which may follow a viral illness. It typically affects young adults and presents as a unilateral condition in 80% of cases. although involvement of the second eye may develop within months or years.

Answer 10

Adie’s tonic pupil syndrome

Question 11

Hallmark symptoms of Adie’s syndrome:

Answer 11

Mydriasis

Diaphoresis - excessive sweating

Loss of deep tendon reflex

Question 12

Syphilis is caused by?

Answer 12

Treponema Pallidum

Question 13

Bilateral dilated pupils

Answer 13

Argyll-Robertson pupil

Question 14

Unilateral dilated pupils:

Answer 14

Adie’s tonic pupil

Question 15

caused by damage to peripheral pathways to the pupil

(parasympathetic neurons in the ciliary ganglion)

Answer 15

Adie’s tonic pupil

Question 16

caused by damage to central pathways for pupillary constriction

(selective damage to pathways from retina to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus)

Answer 16

Argyll-Robertson Pupils

Question 17

caused by Lesion of the optic nerve or Retina (pre-chiasmal region)

Answer 17

Robert Marcus Gunn pupil or RELATIVE afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)

Question 18

caused by lesion at Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

damage in sympathetic pre-ganglionic or post-ganglionic pathway

Answer 18

Horner’s Syndrome

Question 19

fixed dilated pupil due to central nervous system lesion that compresses the optic nerve

Answer 19

Hutchinson’s Pupil