Hypertensive Retinopathy Flashcards
Hypertensive Blood pressure:
140/90 mmhg or Higher
The most important behavioral determinants of blood pressure are related to dietary consumption of ______
calories & Salt
Pre-hypertensive BP:
Systolic = 120 -139
Diastolic = 80-89
Stage 1 Hypertension BP:
Systolic = 140 - 159
Diastolic = 90 - 99
Stage 2 Hypertension BP:
Systolic = 160
Diastolic = 100
Isolated Systolic HP BP:
Systolic = 140
Diastolic = less than 90
Fundus picture of hypertensive retinopathy is characterized by :
Vasoconstriction
Leakage
Arteriosclerosis
Characterized by generalized & focal arteriolar narrowing
Vasoconstriction
- Caused by abnormal vascular permeability
Leakage
Vascular Leakage leads to:
Flame-shaped Hemorrhages
Hard Exudates
Retinal Edema
Swelling of Optic Nerve Head
hallmark of malignant phase of hypertension
Swelling of Optic Nerve Head
- Causes thickening of the vessel wall
- Marked changes at AV crossing
Arteriosclerosis
Grade 1 of Hypertensive Retinopathy:
subtle broadening of the arteriolar light reflex.
mild generalized arteriolar attenuation. particularly of small branches,
vein concealment.
Grade 2 of Hypertensive Retinopathy:
obvious broadening of the arteriolar light reflex
deflection of veins at arteriovenous crossings (Salus sign).
Grade 3 of Hypertensive Retinopathy:
· Copper-wiring of arterioles.
· Banking of veins distal to arteriovenous crossings (Bonnet sign).
· Tapering of veins on both sides of the crossings (Gunn sign)
right-angled deflection of veins.
