congenital/developmental anomalies & inflammation of orbit Flashcards
diminished size & diameter of eyeball
Microphthalmos
eye is small but otherwise “normal”
nanophthalmos
degenerative shrinkage of the eyeball with disorganization
phthisis bulbi
enlargement of the eyeball
seen in congenital glaucoma
Buphthalmos
increase distance between 2 orbits
increased PD or pupillary distance
Hypertelorism
wider inter-canthal distance but “normal” PD
Telecanthus
abnormal bilateral protrusion of eyeball
Exophthalmos
recession of the eyeball within the floor or orbit
Enophthalmos
etiologies of Enophtalmos:
a. injury to floor of orbit (maxilla)
b. surgical decompression of orbit
c. atrophy of orbital fats
usually associated with endocrine disease (Grave’s disease)
Exophthalmos
passive or mechanical protrusion of eyeball (unilateral)
Proptosis
seen in Buphthalmos
retracted eyelids or wide palpebral fissure
Pseudoproptosis
disease of orbital contents that is characterized by:
axial proptosis
restricted eye movement
lid edema
chemosis
ORBITAL EDEMA
Inflammation of the cellular tissue of orbit
Orbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis can progress to?
retro-bulbar abscess
Etiologies of Orbital cellulitis:
ethmoiditis - most common
orbital injury
operation with secondary infection
Complications of orbital cellulitis:
optic neuritis
Optic atrophy
treatment of orbital cellulitis:
a. incision and drainage
b. massive antibiotics
c. warm compress
orbital cellulitis w/ clinical manifestation of:
more orbital tumor than cellulitis
seen in middle age or older
Pseudo-tumor of Orbit
rare inflammation w/ serous effusion into tenon’s space
seen in injury or tenotomy
Tenonitis
inflammation of peri-orbital margins
characterized by thickening of membrane
Orbital Periostitis
Orbital Periostitis Etiologies:
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Trauma