Syncope

Question 1

describe transient loss of consciousness (TLOC)

Answer 1

a state of apparent of real loss of consciousness with loss of awareness

Question 2

what can TLOC be caused by?

Answer 2

Trauma
Syncope
Epileptic Seizures
TLOC mimics

Question 3

what is Syncope?

Answer 3

transient loss of consciousness due to hypoperfusion

Question 4

what are the 3 types of syncope?

Answer 4

Reflex syncope
cardiac syncope
orthostatic syncope

Question 5

what are the different types of reflex syncope?

Answer 5

neural
vasovagal
situational
carotid sinus

Question 6

describe neural reflex syncope?

Answer 6

syncope caused by a modification in heart rate (cardioinhibition) and or vascular tone causing vasodilation

Question 7

describe vasovagal reflex syncope?

Answer 7

faint triggered by emotional distress or orthostatic stress

associated with pallor, sweating and nausea

Question 8

describe situational reflex syncope?

Answer 8

faint during/ immediately after a specific trigger (eg cough or swallowing)

Question 9

describe carotid sinus reflex syncope?

Answer 9

triggered by mechanical manipulation of the neck

more common in elderly particularly males

Question 10

what is cardiac syncope?

Answer 10

syncope caused by cardiac event resulting in drop in Cardiac Output
(caused by arrhythmia, acute MI, structural abnormalities)

Question 11

what features suggest cardiac syncope?

Answer 11

happens during excretion or when supine

sudden onset palpatations just before syncope