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NeuroPhys Mod 1 > Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Synapses are ___ zones of contact which one neuron communicates with ___

A

Specialized

Other neuron effector cells in muscle

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2
Q

The average neuron forms ___ connection and receives ___ inputs

A

1000 synaptic

10,000

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3
Q

2 types of synapses:

A

Electrical

Chemical

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4
Q

Electrical synapses have __ junction which are typically ___ and ___ nM

A

Gap

3.5nM

20nM

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5
Q

Electrical synapse ions are paired ____ which bridge the continuous ___ of 2 neurons

A

Hemichannels

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

The flow of electrical synapses is __directional through a larger (___) pore

A

Bi

1.5nM

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7
Q

Each hemichannel is is called a ___ and made of 6 ___

A

Connexon

Connexins

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8
Q

Connexins open by turning:

A

Clockwise

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9
Q

The postsynaptic response follows presynaptic stimulation how fast?

A

Fraction of a millisecond

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10
Q

Benefits of electrical synapses: 1) Extremely ____ transmission 2)Connect large numbers of ___ 3)___ resistance 4) may transmit ___ signals

A

1- rapid signal

2- neurons

3- Low

4- metabolic

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11
Q

Connection of a large number of cells allows ___ cells to act and ____ as ____ cell

A

Small

Coordinate

One large

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12
Q

Low resistance of electrical synapses allows lower ____ produced and makes it (easy/difficult) to reach threshold and fire action potentials?

A

Depolarization

Difficult

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13
Q

Metabolic signals include moderate sized organic compounds such as___,___,___

A

Moderate sized Messenger

IP3

cAMP

Small peptides

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14
Q

Which X-chromosome linked disease causes demyelinization and is a single mutation of connexin 32 (CX32) in Schwann cells?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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15
Q

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease affects ___ because it is an ___-linked gene mutation which affects which connexin in the Schwann cell

A

Males

X-linked

CX 32

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16
Q

CX32 is a ___ channels in the Schwann cell

A

Gap-junction

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17
Q

The synaptic cleft of a chemical synapses is ___nM and is most common between ___

A

20-40 nM

Neurons

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18
Q

Chemical synaptic delay is at least ___ms, usually ___ms or longer

A

0.5 ms

1-5 ms

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19
Q

Chemical synapses fire (uni/bi)-directionally?

A

Unidirectional

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20
Q

Chemical synapse: ___ opens the presynaptic nerve terminals, which releases ___. This opens the receptor on the post synaptic cell allowing ___ to fire an action potential

A

Ca+

Neurotransmitter

Na+

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21
Q

T/F Chemical synapses rely on the receptor to determine the reaction.

A

FALSE It’s not about the receptor, it is about the (neuro)transmitter

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22
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters ___polarize the postsynaptic membrane

A

Hyperpolarize

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23
Q

Excitatory neurtransmitters ___polarize the postsynaptic membrane

A

Depolarize

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24
Q

Chemical synapses:

AP in presynaptic cell causes ___ of ___ terminal

A

Depolarization

Presynaptic

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25
Q

Voltage gated Ca+ channels open allowing ___ to enter ___ terminal. This causes the release of ___ into synaptic cleft

A

Ca+

Presynaptic

Neurotransmitter

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26
Q

Neurotransmitter diffuses across ___ and combines with receptors on ____ membrane

A

Synaptic cleft

Post synaptic membrane

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27
Q

___ transmitters hyperpolarize postsynaptic membrane

A

Inhibitory

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28
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters ___ postsynaptic membrane

A

Hyperpolarize

29
Q

____ neurotransmitters depolarize postsynaptic membrane

A

Excitatory

30
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters ___ postsynaptic membrane

A

Depolarize

31
Q

Neurotransmitters act either ___ or ___

A

Directly

Indirectly

32
Q

Neurotransmitters act either directly or indirectly and their action is mediated by:

A

Receptors

33
Q

2 classes of chemical receptors

A

Ionotropic

Metabotropic

34
Q

Ionotropic receptors gate ions ___

A

Directly

35
Q

Metabotropioc receptors gate ions ___

A

Indirectly

36
Q

Nicotinic ACh receptor at NMJ is a ___ channel which has 2 subunits

A

Ionotropic (direct effect)

37
Q

Ionotropic channel is formed by ___ domain which forms the ___ for neurotransmitter

A

Extracellular domain

Receptor

38
Q

Ionotropic channels have ___ spanning domain which forms ___ channel

A

Membrane

Ion

39
Q

3 effects of ionotropic channels 1)____ 2) effects last ___ 3)___ behavior

A

Fast

Milliseconds

Rapid

40
Q

Examples of metabotropic receptors:

A

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

41
Q

Metabotropic receptors are: 1)___ 2) effects last ___ to ___ 3) reinforce pathways in the process of ___

A

Slow

Seconds to minutes

Process of learning

42
Q

The somatic motor neuron has ___ dendritic cells by___

A

Myelinated

Schwann cells

43
Q

Somatic motor neurons have NMJ with presynaptic/ post synaptic clefts ranging between ___ and ___ nM

A

20

100

44
Q

The neurotransmitter for NMJ is :

A

ACh

45
Q

NMJs motor end plate with junctional folds of the ___

A

Sarcolema

46
Q

Nicotinic ACh binding site receptors operate the ion channel for ___ & ___

A

Na

K

47
Q

NMJ presynaptic terminals with synaptic vesicles are an ___ zone and are very ____

A

Active

Dense

48
Q

Enzyme which couples ACh from Actely CoA and cholin in presynaptic terminal

A

Choline acetlytransferase

49
Q

ACh is stored with __ and ___ for later use

A

ATP

Proteoglycan

50
Q

2 molecules of ___ are needed to activate 1 ___ channel

A

ACh

Nicotinic

51
Q

ACh/ Nicotinic channels allow ____& ___ to pass through

A

Na

K

52
Q

Nicotinic transmembranes consist of ___ subunits and ___ helixes. Each M2 segment may be important for channel gating and ion permeation

A

5

M2

53
Q

In the end plate potential, postsynaptic membrane is ___ to a values 1/2 way between ___ and ___ equilibrium. approx ___ mV

A

Depolarized

Na

K

0

54
Q

The content of one synaptic vesicle is known as one ___

A

Quantum

55
Q

One quantum produces ___ plate potential

A

Miniature end

56
Q

MEPP is the ___ possible EPP

A

(Miniature end plate potential)

Smallest (End plate potential)

57
Q

NMJs are always ___, not inhibitory

A

Excitatory

58
Q

___ breaks down ACh within ___ of being released

A

Acetylcholinesterase

1 msec

59
Q

AChE breaks ___ into ___ and ___ to be recycled by choline/ acetyl transferase one the presynaptic nerve

A

Acetylcholine

Acetate

Choline

60
Q

NMJ is so vital to like that everything is done in ___

A

EXCESS

61
Q

The excess of NMJ includes:

excess ____ release

Excess number of ___ and

Excessive ____ potential to ensure transmission of stimulus and ____ muscle contraction

A

Neuro transmitter

Receptors

Post-synaptic

Smooth

62
Q

One neuron (DOES/ DOES NOT) excite another neuron…you need ___ of multiple neurons to fire AP

A

Does NOT

Summation

63
Q

Myasthenia gravies affects the ___ motor system hallmarked by ___ weakness and fatigue resulting from __ number of___ receptors on muscle end plate

A

Somatic

Muscle weakness

Reduced

ACh

64
Q

Treatment of myasthenia gravis is with ___ inhibitors. This prolongs the action of ___ at muscle end plates

A

AChE

ACh

65
Q

____ blocks release of ACh from presynaptic terminals. At the NMJ this is a ___ blockade

A

Botulinum toxin

Total

66
Q

___ competes with ACh for receptors on motor end plate ___ size of the (EPP; End plate potential). Maximal doses produce ___ of respiratory muscles and ___

A

Curare

Decreases

Paralysis

Death

67
Q

___ inhibits AChE Prolongs/enhances action of ___ and muscle end plate

A

Neostigmine

ACh

68
Q

____ blocks the re-uptake of ___ into the presynaptic terminal At the NMJ, this ___ stores of ___ from the presynaptic terminal

A

Hemicholinium

ACh

Depletes

ACh

NeuroPhys Mod 1 (5 decks)

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