Synaptic Integration Flashcards
3 types of synapses in the CNS
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic
Axodendritic
Axosomatic synapses have terminal buttons located on the ___
Soma (cell body)
Axoaxonic synapses have terminal buttons located on ___
Axon (hillock)
Axodendritic synapses have terminal buttons located on ___
Dendrites
Ionotropic =
Directly gated
Ionotropic synapses:
Interact with ____ neuron at NMJ
And __ central synapses
One
Many
Ionotropic synapses:
Inputs are only ___ at NMJ
Are ___ and ___ at central synapses
Excitatory
Both
excitatory
Inhibitory
Ionotropic synapses:
Neurotransmitter at NMJ=
At central synapses=
Only ACh
Variety
Ionotropic synapses:
Receptor type at NMJ=
Receptor type at central synapses=
Nicotinic
Variety
Ionotropic synapses:
Efficiency at NMJ=
Efficiency at Central synapses
High—every AP produces AP at muscle fiber
Modest—(50-100 neurons should fire to produce post synaptic potential) to trigger AP
Neurons that release ___ typically a to on receptors that produce excitation
Glutamate
Neurons that release glutamate typically act on receptors that produce___
Excitation
Neurons that release GABA or glycine acto on ___ ___ receptors
Ionotropic inhibitory
Neurons that release __ or ___ typically act upon ionotropic inhibitory receptors
GABA
Glycine
2 most common type of synapses in CNS:
Gray type I
Gray type II
Gray type I synapses are: (Asymmetric/ Symmetric) Usually (excitatory/ inhibitory) Neurotransmitter is\_\_\_ And are AXO\_\_\_\_\_
Asymmetric
Excitatory
Glutamate
Axodendritic
Gray type II synapses: (Asymmetric/ Symmetric) (Excitatory/ inhibitory) Neurotransmitter\_\_\_ AXO\_\_\_
Symmetric
Inhibitory
Axosomatic
Excitatory actions at chemical synapses open channels permeable to __ and ___
Na
K
Chemical synapses opening to permeable channels to Na & K are __
Excitatory
Main excitatory transmitter in CNS is :
Glutamate
Glutamate is in ___ of brain neurons and is important to ___ and ___
70%
Learning
Memory
2 types of glutamate receptors:
____ directly gated channels
___ indirectly gated channels (through secondary messengers)
Ionotropic
Metabotropic
Ionotropic (directly gated) glutamate receptors:
Non-NMDA receptors are ___ channels
NMDA receptors are ___ channels
Na/ K
Na/ K/ Cl
NMDA and non-NMDA channels are within ___ vicinity of each other, the NMDA allows channels to stay open (shorter/ longer) periods of time
Close
Longer
NMDA glutamate receptors are ___ and ___ gated are the channels is permeable to ___, ___, ___
Ligand gated Voltage gated Ca K Na
___ is inhibitory to NMDA receptors
Glycine (as a cofactor)
NMDA voltage dependent is blocked by extracellular ___ and needs ___ and depolarization to open
Mg
Glutamate
Inhibitory actions at many chemical synapses result in opening ion channels selective for___
Cl
GABA is mostly found in the ___
Glycine is mostly found int the ___
Brain
CNS
Ionotropic GABAa receptor is permeable to___
Cl
Metabotropic GABAb receptor increases ___ permeability OR ___ voltage-gated Ca channels
K
Inhibits
Depression can be ___ of GABA
Excess
Anxiety/ panic attack can be ___ of GABA
Deficit
Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol bind to ___ receptors enhancing the ___ flow through the channels
GABAa
Cl
Glycine receptor channel consists of 3 ___ and 2 ___ subunits
alpha
Beta
Glycine binds primarily to ___ subunit
alpha
5-HT=
Serotonin
5-HT is an (EXCITATORY/ INHIBITORY) synaptic transmission in certain areas of the brain
Excitatory
Excitatory=
Depolarization
5-HT is permeable to __ and ___
Na
K
Most serotonin receptors are G-coupled receptors=
Metabotropic
ATP receptors are permeable to___, __, and ___
Na
K
Ca
ACH, GABA, And Glycine each have ___ subunit receptor channels
5
Glutamate receptor channels have __ subunits
4
ATP receptor channels have ___ subunits
3
Each neuron forms synapses with ___ and receives input from ___
Many others
Many others
EPSP=
Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential
IPSP=
Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential
2 passive properties of neurons affect on summation:
Time constant
Length constant
Time constant affects:
Temporal summation
Length constant affects:
Spatial summation
There are 2 types of axodendritic synapses.
Axodendritic synapses are typically ___
Spine synapse
Shaft synapse
Excitatory
Axoaxonic dendrites are typically:
Inhibitory
Dendrites have voltage-gated ___, ___, and __ channels to ____ small EPSPs.
Na
K
Ca
Amplify
Dendritic spines are highly specialized ___ zones
Input zones
Dendritic neck regulates ___ concentrations to prevent ___ within the dendritic spine.
Ca
Toxicity
Synapses on cell bodies are often (EXCITATORY/ INHIBITORY)
Inhibitory
Synapses on axon __ are often modulators
Terminals
