Presynaptic Mechanisms

Question 1

Presynaptic action potential allows increase ___ permeability and influx.

Answer 1

Ca

Question 2

Presynaptic Ca influx allows release of ___ through exocytosis

Answer 2

Neurotranmsmitter

Question 3

Ca ion concentration is over ___ times higher in extracellular space than in presynaptic cytoplasm

Answer 3

10,000x

Question 4

What causes release of neurotransmitter?

Release is a function of ___ influx into the ___ terminal

Answer 4

Ca

Presynaptic

Question 5

2 functions of Ca on the influx effect:
1- carrier of __ charge
2- special signal carrying information about changes in intracellular structures

Answer 5

Depolarizing

Question 6

2 functions of Ca on the influx effect:
1- carrier of depolarizing charge
2- special signal carrying information about changes _____

Answer 6

Changes in intracellular structures

Question 7

Ca influx effect:
Synaptic vesicles have a ____ sensor.
Binding of up to ___ Ca ions required to trigger release

Answer 7

Ca

4

Question 8

Voltages gated calcium channels are located in ___ zones

Answer 8

Active

Question 9

S4 segment of calcium channel structure is a (POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE) charged amino acid which acts as a ___ sensor

Answer 9

Positive charged amino acid

Voltage sensor

Question 10

Calcium channels are found in all ___ cells, in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, and in endocrine cells

Answer 10

Neuron cells

Question 11

T-type calcium channels open in response to __ depolarizations

Answer 11

Small

Question 12

Each Ca synaptic vesicle stores one quantum of neurotransmitter matter…up to ___ molecules

Answer 12

Several thousand

Question 13

The greater the influx of Ca into the terminal, the larger the number of ___ released

Answer 13

Quanta

Question 14

GTP-binding protein co-factor is:

Answer 14

Ca

Question 15

Ca vesicles stored outside of active zone (held in reserve) are anchored by cytoskeleton ___ and activated by____

Answer 15

Synapsins

cAMP

Question 16

Docking and fusion of vesicles is accomplished by ___ proteins

Answer 16

SNARE

Question 17

V-SNARE=

Answer 17

Vesicle SNARE protein

Question 18

T-SNARE=

Answer 18

Target (membrane) protein

Question 19

T-SNARE complex is comprised of ___+___

Answer 19

Syntaxin

SNAP-25

Question 20

SNAP+ NSF protein = ____ SNARE complex

Answer 20

Unwind

Question 21

3 mechanisms of recycling synaptic vesicles:

1- classical uses ___ coated pits and is used for ____rates of release

Answer 21

Clathrine

Normal to high

Question 22

3 mechanisms of recycling synaptic vesicles:

2: kiss and run, the ___ pore is integrated into the plasma membrane and used at ____ rates

Answer 22

Fusion

Lower to normal release

Question 23

3 mechanisms of recycling synaptic vesicles:

3) ____ pathway. Retrieves after ___ rate of release.

Answer 23

Bulk endocytosis

High rate

Question 24

Synaptic plasticity is controlled by 2 processes:

Answer 24

Intrinsic

Extrinsic