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BCS 110 Test 1 > Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Sherrington

A

pre and post synaptic neurons are separated by a gap (synapse)

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2
Q

Loewi

A

discovered neurotransmitters/ neuromodulators

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3
Q

axodendritic

A

axon => dendritic “connection”

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4
Q

axosomatic

A

axon => soma “connection”

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5
Q

axoaxoninc

A

axon => axon “connection”

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6
Q

Direct Synapse

A

site of release and contact are in close proximity

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7
Q

Nondirect Synapse

A

when the site of release and contact are further away from each other

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8
Q

Large Neurotransmitter molecules

A
  • synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell body
  • packaged in the Golgi Complex
  • transported by microtubules to the button
  • stored far from the presynaptic membrane
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9
Q

Small Neurotransmitters

A
  • synthesized in the cytoplasm of the terminal button
  • packaged in the Golgi Complex
  • no transport
  • stored near the presynaptic membrane
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10
Q

coexistence

A

many neurons have more than one neurotransmitter

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11
Q

exocytosis

A

the process of neurotransmitter release

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12
Q

dendritic spines

A

nodules of various shapes that located on the surfaces of many dendrites

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13
Q

receptors

A

a protein that contains binding sights for particular neurotransmitters
the reason that neurotransmitters work and do what they’re supposed to

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14
Q

ligand

A

any molecule that binds to another molecule

A NT is a ligand of a receptor

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15
Q

ionotropic receptors

A

receptors that are ligand-activated

proteins pass through into the cell

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16
Q

metabotropic receptors

A

receptors that are associated with signal proteins

G Proteins

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17
Q

second messenger

A

when a metabotropic receptor is activated, it releases another chemical inside the cell

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18
Q

autoreceptors

A

metabotropic receptors on the pre-synaptic membrane

-to maintain the appropriate levels of NT release

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19
Q

small neurotransmitter release

A
  • direct synapse
  • ionotropic receptors/ metatropic receptors that act directly on ion channels
  • transmits rapid PSPs
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20
Q

large neurotransmitter release

A
  • nondirect synapse
  • metabotropic receptors that activate second messengers
  • transmits slow, diffuse, long-lasting signals
21
Q

reuptake

A

usually how a synapse is deactivated

when a neuron releases a NT and takes it back in to recycle (it has to deactivate the synapse)

22
Q

enzymatic degradation

A
  • how a synapse is deactivated

- NT is broken down by enzymes

23
Q

steps of synaptic transmission

A

1-NTs synthesized
2-NT stored in vesicles
3-NT that leaks out of vesicles is destroyed by enzymes
4-APs cause esicles to fuse w/ presynaptic membrane and release NT into synapse
5-NT binds w/ target
6-NT is deactivated w/ repute or enzymatic degradation

24
Q

Gap junctions (electrical synapses)

A

narrow spaces between neurons that are bridged w/ fine tubular channel, called connexins that contain cytoplasm
electrical signals and small molecules can pass directly from molecule to molecule

25
Q

connexins

A

the fine tubular channels that bridge Gap junctions

26
Q

tripartite synapse

A

atrocytes wrap around both pre/post synaptic neurons

27
Q

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters

A

building blocks of proteins

  • small NTs*
  • glutamine, spartane, glycine, GABA,
28
Q

glutamine

A

most prevalent excitatory NT

29
Q

GABA

A

most prevalent inhibitory NT

30
Q

Monoamine Neurotransmitters

A
  • small NT
  • synthesized by a single Amino Acid
  • bigger/ more effects than amino Acids*
  • dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin
31
Q

catecholamines

A

a group of Monoamine Neurotransmitters

  • dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine
  • synthesized from AA tyrosine*
32
Q

indolamines

A

a group of Monoamine Neurotransmitters
serotonin
synthesized from tryptophan

33
Q

noradrenergic

A

adj: neurons that release norepinephrine

34
Q

adrenergic

A

adj: neurons that release epinephrine

35
Q

Acetylcholine

A

a small NT that is synthesized by adding acetyl to choline (milk/eggs)

36
Q

nicotinic receptor

A

receptor of acetylcholine

-ionotropic, activates muscles

37
Q

muscarinic recptor

A

recpts acetylcholine

-metabotropic, memory

38
Q

soluble-gas neurotransmitters

A

unconventional NTs

  • nitric oxide
  • carbon monoxide
  • exist briefly, pas through membranes, involved in retrograde transmission*
39
Q

endocannabinoids

A

NTs that are similar to the main psychoactive NT for marijuana (THC)

40
Q

anandamide

A

a type of endcannibinoid

41
Q

neuropeptide transmitters

A

5 categories

-they don’t always act as NTs

42
Q

pituitary peptides

A

a neuropeptide category: 1st IDed as hormones released by pituitary

43
Q

hypothalamic peptides

A

a neuropeptide category: hormones released by the hypothalamus

44
Q

brain-gut peptides

A

a neuropeptide category: were first discovered in the gut

45
Q

opioid peptides

A

a neuropeptide category: similar in structure to the active NTs of opium

46
Q

miscellaneous peptides

A

a neuropeptide category: the rest of them, that don’t fit into the other categories

47
Q

agonists

A

drugs that increase the activity of a specific NT

48
Q

antagonists

A

drugs that inhibit the activity of a specific NT

BCS 110 Test 1 (7 decks)

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