Organization of the Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

Nerves encased in bone (spinal cord, brain)

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

Nerves coming from the CNS (off the Spine and Brain) leading to/ from the extremities of the body

Question 3

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 3

Part of the PNS-interacts with the external environment

Question 4

afferent nerves

Answer 4

nerves that carry info IN to the CNS from the muscles

in the SNS

Question 5

efferent nerves

Answer 5

carry motor signals OUT to the muscles

in the SNS

Question 6

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 6

part of the PNS-regulates the body’s internal environment

-automatic functions (blinking, breathing, heart, etc)

Question 7

sympathetic nerves

Answer 7

nerves in the ANS that come from the CNS (lumbar) and (thorac) regions of the spinal cord

Question 8

parasympathetic nerves

Answer 8

nerves that come from the CNS (brain and sacral regions)

Question 9

cranial nerves

Answer 9

12 pairs of nerves that project from the brain

Question 10

meniges

Answer 10

3 membranes covering/protecting the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

dura mater

Answer 11

1st layer of meninges

• a tough membrane
• “tough mother”

Question 12

arachnoid membrane

Answer 12

2nd layer of meninges

-spiderweb-like

Question 13

subarachnoid space

Answer 13

between the 2nd and 3rd layers of meninges

-a space filled with blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 14

pia mater

Answer 14

3rd layer of meninges

• most delicate layer
• adheres to brain/spinal cord

Question 15

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 15

fills the subarachnoid space

-protects the CNS

Question 16

central canal

Answer 16

small central channel that runs the length of the spinal cord

Question 17

cerebral ventricles

Answer 17

4 large internal chambers in the brain

Question 18

choroid plexuses

Answer 18

networks of cappillaries that protrude into ventricles from the pia mater

Question 19

blood-brain barrier

Answer 19

cells of the blood vessel walls are very tightly packed, they form a barrier to prevent potential poisons and unknown particles from entering

Question 20

dorsal

Answer 20

out the top of the head, out the back of the spine

Question 21

ventral

Answer 21

out the bottom of the head, out the front of the body

Question 22

anterior

Answer 22

out the face, upwards from the spine

Question 23

posterior

Answer 23

out the back of the head, downward of spine

Question 24

medial

Answer 24

inward

Question 25

lateral

Answer 25

outward

Question 26

horizontal plane

Answer 26

horizontal cut (eyes to back of head)

Question 27

sagittal plane

Answer 27

vertical cut (from ear to ear)

Question 28

frontal plane

Answer 28

vertical plane (hair to chin, front to back)

Question 29

cross section

Answer 29

a cut of the spinal cord, (at a right angle to the spine)

Question 30

spinal cord

Answer 30

made up of 31 vertebrae | -a pair of nerves leaves each segment

Question 31

cervical vertebrae

Answer 31

8 | -vertebrae in the spinal cord

Question 32

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 32

12 | vertebrae

Question 33

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 33

5 | vertebrae

Question 34

sacral vertebrae

Answer 34

5 | vertebrae

Question 35

coccygeal vertebra

Answer 35

1 | vertebra

Question 36

cauda equina

Answer 36

means horse tail - the spinal cord is longer and comes out of the spine at different spots - one pair per vertebra

Question 37

sympathetic nerves

Answer 37

FAR from the target

Question 38

Parasympathetic nerves

Answer 38

CLOSE to the target

Question 39

dorsal horns

Answer 39

info goes into spinal cord | -touches the outside

Question 40

ventral horns

Answer 40

info gets sent out | toward the front