Cells of the Neural System

Question 1

neurons

Answer 1

cells specialized for reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

semi permeable membrane surrounding the neuron

Question 3

dendrites

Answer 3

extend from the cell body (usually), receive signals from other neurons
taper from fat to skinny

Question 4

Cell Body (soma)

Answer 4

the center of a neuron, decision maker

Question 5

Axon Hillock

Answer 5

the cone shaped region between soma and axon

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

the long narrow process that extends from the cell body

the same length all the way down

Question 7

Myelin

Answer 7

the fatty insulation around axons

doesn’t cover the whole thing

Question 8

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 8

The spaces on the axon not covered by myelin

Question 9

Buttons

Answer 9

the ends of the axon branches that release chemicals into synapses

Question 10

synapses

Answer 10

the space in between an axon and dendrites

Question 11

nucleus

Answer 11

inside the soma

-holds genetic info

Question 12

organelles

Answer 12

support the life of the cell

Question 13

differences between neurons and other cells

Answer 13

• stop reproducing after birth

- they have specialized structures to transmit information (axons and dendrites)

Question 14

cell membrane

Answer 14

a lipid bilayer w/ embedded proteins

Question 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

a system of folded membranes

-synthesis of proteins/fats

Question 16

Cytoplasm

Answer 16

the clear, internal fluid in a cell

Question 17

Golgi Complex

Answer 17

a connected system of membranes

-packages molecules in vesicles

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

sights of energy release (from oxygen)

Question 19

Microtubules

Answer 19

small tubes responsible for the rapid transport of molecules throughout neurons

Question 20

Synaptic vesicles

Answer 20

spherical membrane packages

store NT molecules ready for release

Question 21

Golgi Stain

Answer 21

silver is used to stain-some neurons are stained and not others
-used to see the shape of single neurons

Question 22

Nissl Stain

Answer 22

stains only the cell bodies of neurons so you can count how many neurons are in an area

Question 23

Electron Microscopy

Answer 23

provides details about neuronal structure

Question 24

anterograde tracing

Answer 24

used when tracing the forward path of a NT
can see the path of Axons
(soma => axon)

Question 25

Retrograde tracing

Answer 25

traces axons but backwards | axon => backwards to Soma

Question 26

nuclei

Answer 26

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

Question 27

ganglia

Answer 27

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 28

tracts

Answer 28

bundles of axons in the CNS

Question 29

nerves

Answer 29

bundles of axons in the PNS

Question 30

multipolar

Answer 30

a neuron that has more than two processes extending from the soma

Question 31

unipolar

Answer 31

a neuron with only one process extending from the soma

Question 32

bipolar

Answer 32

a neuron with 2 processes extending from the soma

Question 33

interneuron

Answer 33

neuron between sensory and motor | -takes in sensory and puts out motor (and vice versa)

Question 34

sensory neurons

Answer 34

input from organs => CNS | *unipolar*

Question 35

motor neuron

Answer 35

sends info from brain to muscles, makes the body move

Question 36

glial cells

Answer 36

the "glue" of the nervous system -"the forgotten cells of the nervous system" 5/1 v neurons provide structure/metabolic support

Question 37

oligodendrocytes

Answer 37

glial cells w/ extensions that wrap around and myelinated the axons of neurons

Question 38

myelin

Answer 38

a fatty substance-insulates axons

Question 39

myelin sheaths

Answer 39

made of myelin, help insulate | -makes the axon faster

Question 40

Schwann cells

Answer 40

glial cells that make myelin in the PNS

Question 41

microglia

Answer 41

glial cells that respond to injury by multiplying and engulfing the injured spot and triggering inflammatory responses

Question 42

Astrocytes

Answer 42

largest glial cells - star shaped - form a barrier so things from the blood don’t get into the brain - can control blood flow in the brain (more activity needs more blood flow) - maintain proper chemical states - surround synapses can modify neuronal signals - send nutrients (glucose) to neurons - secrete neurotranmitters and glial transmitters