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BCS 110 Test 1 > Cells of the Neural System > Flashcards

Cells of the Neural System Flashcards

1
Q

neurons

A

cells specialized for reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals

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2
Q

Cell Membrane

A

semi permeable membrane surrounding the neuron

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3
Q

dendrites

A

extend from the cell body (usually), receive signals from other neurons
taper from fat to skinny

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4
Q

Cell Body (soma)

A

the center of a neuron, decision maker

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5
Q

Axon Hillock

A

the cone shaped region between soma and axon

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6
Q

Axon

A

the long narrow process that extends from the cell body

the same length all the way down

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7
Q

Myelin

A

the fatty insulation around axons

doesn’t cover the whole thing

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8
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

The spaces on the axon not covered by myelin

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9
Q

Buttons

A

the ends of the axon branches that release chemicals into synapses

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10
Q

synapses

A

the space in between an axon and dendrites

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11
Q

nucleus

A

inside the soma

-holds genetic info

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12
Q

organelles

A

support the life of the cell

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13
Q

differences between neurons and other cells

A
  • stop reproducing after birth

- they have specialized structures to transmit information (axons and dendrites)

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14
Q

cell membrane

A

a lipid bilayer w/ embedded proteins

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15
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

a system of folded membranes

-synthesis of proteins/fats

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the clear, internal fluid in a cell

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17
Q

Golgi Complex

A

a connected system of membranes

-packages molecules in vesicles

18
Q

Mitochondria

A

sights of energy release (from oxygen)

19
Q

Microtubules

A

small tubes responsible for the rapid transport of molecules throughout neurons

20
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

spherical membrane packages

store NT molecules ready for release

21
Q

Golgi Stain

A

silver is used to stain-some neurons are stained and not others
-used to see the shape of single neurons

22
Q

Nissl Stain

A

stains only the cell bodies of neurons so you can count how many neurons are in an area

23
Q

Electron Microscopy

A

provides details about neuronal structure

24
Q

anterograde tracing

A

used when tracing the forward path of a NT
can see the path of Axons
(soma => axon)

25
Q

Retrograde tracing

A

traces axons but backwards

axon => backwards to Soma

26
Q

nuclei

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

27
Q

ganglia

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

28
Q

tracts

A

bundles of axons in the CNS

29
Q

nerves

A

bundles of axons in the PNS

30
Q

multipolar

A

a neuron that has more than two processes extending from the soma

31
Q

unipolar

A

a neuron with only one process extending from the soma

32
Q

bipolar

A

a neuron with 2 processes extending from the soma

33
Q

interneuron

A

neuron between sensory and motor

-takes in sensory and puts out motor (and vice versa)

34
Q

sensory neurons

A

input from organs => CNS

unipolar

35
Q

motor neuron

A

sends info from brain to muscles, makes the body move

36
Q

glial cells

A

the “glue” of the nervous system
-“the forgotten cells of the nervous system”
5/1 v neurons
provide structure/metabolic support

37
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

glial cells w/ extensions that wrap around and myelinated the axons of neurons

38
Q

myelin

A

a fatty substance-insulates axons

39
Q

myelin sheaths

A

made of myelin, help insulate

-makes the axon faster

40
Q

Schwann cells

A

glial cells that make myelin in the PNS

41
Q

microglia

A

glial cells that respond to injury by multiplying and engulfing the injured spot and triggering inflammatory responses

42
Q

Astrocytes

A

largest glial cells

  • star shaped
  • form a barrier so things from the blood don’t get into the brain
  • can control blood flow in the brain (more activity needs more blood flow)
  • maintain proper chemical states
  • surround synapses can modify neuronal signals
  • send nutrients (glucose) to neurons
  • secrete neurotranmitters and glial transmitters

BCS 110 Test 1 (7 decks)

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