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BCS 110 Test 1 > Structures of the Brain > Flashcards

Structures of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

forebrain

A

made of Telencephalon and Diencephelon

-the upper most part of the brian

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2
Q

midbrain

A

aka mesencephalon

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3
Q

hindbrain

A

made up of Metencephalon and Myencephalon

-lowermost part of the brain

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4
Q

Myelencephalon

A 
aka medulla (top of the brain stem)
*part of the hindbrain*
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5
Q

reticular formation

A

a complex network (not super distinct) of nuclei that runs from anterior to posterior of the Myelencephalon.

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6
Q

Metencephalon

A

made up of pons and cerebellum

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7
Q

pons

A

a bulge on the brain’s ventral (face side) surface

part of the metencephalon

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

large, convoluted structure on the brain stem’s dorsal (out the back) surface

  • the thing that fits under the brain
  • part of the metencephalon
  • sensorimotor*
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9
Q

Mesencephalon

A

made up of the tectum and the tegmentum

aka midbrain

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10
Q

tectum

A

dorsal (out the back) surface of the midbrain

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11
Q

tegmentum

A

the ventral (out the front) surface of the midbrain

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12
Q

periaqueductal gray

A

the gray matter (cell bodies) around the cerebral aqueduct

  • pain modulation
  • defense mechanism
  • maternal behavior
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13
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

the duct connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricles

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14
Q

substantia nigra

A

black substance in the spinal cord

-movement planning

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15
Q

red nucleas

A

in the spinal cord, made of iron

-motor coordination

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16
Q

Diencephalon

A

made up of thalamus and hypothalamus

-part of the forebrain

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17
Q

thalamus

A

top of the brain stem (the little eyeballs)

  • processes/relays info to the cortex
  • consciousness
  • attention
  • sleep/wake states
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18
Q

massa intermedia

A

joins the 2 lobes of the thalamus together

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19
Q

sensory relay nuclei

A

receive signals from sensory receptors, processes them, and sends them to the right part of the sensory cortex

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20
Q

lateral geniculate nuclei

A

relays visual signals

-in the thalamus

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21
Q

medial geniculate nuclei

A

relays auditory signals

-part of the thalamus

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22
Q

ventral posterior nuclei

A

relays somatosensory signals

-part of the thalamus

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23
Q

hypothalamus

A

part of the diencephalon

  • below anterior thalamus
  • regulates some motivations
  • regulates release of hormones
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24
Q

pituitary gland

A

a gland on the ventral surface of the brain (behind the nose)

  • releases hormones
  • part of the diencephalon
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25
Q

optic chasm

A

the point where the optic nerves come together

-accounts for some axons to decussate (cross over to the other side of the brain)

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26
Q

decussate

A

optic nerve axons cross over to the other side of the brain

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27
Q

contralateral optic nerve fibers

A

the optic nerve fibers that decussate (cross over to the other side of the brain)

28
Q

ipsilateral optic nerve fibers

A

the optic nerve fibers that don’t cross over to the other side of the brain

29
Q

mammilary bodies

A

*part of the hypothalamus
behind the pituitary gland
-

30
Q

Telencephalon

A

part of the forebrain

  • made up of the Cerebral Cortex, Lobes, neocortex, limbic system
  • most complex braon functions
  • involuntary movement
  • interprets sensory movement
  • cognitive processes
31
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

layer of tissue covering the cerebral hemispheres

32
Q

gray matter

A

neurons with un-myelinated axons

cerebral cortex

33
Q

white matter

A

neurons with myelinated axons

34
Q

fissures

A

the large furrows in the cortex

helps to divide up the brain

35
Q

sulci

A

the small furrows in the cortex

36
Q

gyri

A

the ridges between the fissures and sulci

37
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

the fissure that splits the brain into 2 hemispheres

38
Q

cerebral commissures

A

hemisphere connecting tracts

39
Q

corpus callosum

A

the tract of nerves that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain

40
Q

central fissure

A

in the middle of each hemisphere (on the diagonal)

41
Q

lateral fissure

A

from ear to ear (horizontal)

42
Q

neocortex

A

has six layers (1-6, surface-inner most)

  • it is 90% of the cortex (except the hippocampus)
  • variation of thickness of layers in different parts of the brain
43
Q

pyramidal cells

A

pyramid shaped cells in the neocortex

44
Q

stellate cells

A

star shaped interneurons in the neocortex

45
Q

layer 4 of the neocortex

A

gets input from the thalamus

46
Q

layer 5 of the neocortex

A

sends output to the calamus, brainstem, and spinal cord

47
Q

columnar organization

A

sometimes neurons in the neocortex organize in long vertical columns to form a circuit that performs a single function

48
Q

hippocampus

A

-part of the telencephalon
part of the cortex
-3 layers
-memory, spatial location

49
Q

Limbic System

A

a circuit of midline structures the circle the thalamus
-regulation in motivated behaviors
4 F’s: fleeing, feeding, fighting, sexual behavior
-amygdala, fornix, cingulate cortex, and septum

50
Q

amygdala

A

almond shaped nucleus in the anterior temporal lobe

51
Q

septum

A

midline nucleus on the anterior tip of the cingulate cortex

52
Q

basal ganglia

A

a circuit of midline structures lateral to the thalamus

  • striatum (caudate and putamen), globus pallidus, nd substancia nigra*
  • voluntary motor responses-
  • parkinsons is when it doesn’t work-
53
Q

caudate

A

comes out and around the amygdala

basal ganglia

54
Q

putamen

A

a series of fiber bridges that connect the caudate to the amygdala
basal ganglia

55
Q

striatum

A

the caudate and putamen together

-a “striped structure”

56
Q

globus pallidus

A

between the thalamus and the caudate

-basal ganglia

57
Q

frontal lobe

A

lobe: thinking, planning, etc

58
Q

parietal lobe

A

lobe: sensory

59
Q

temporal lobe

A

lobe: hearing

60
Q

occipital lobe

A

lobe: hearing, etc

61
Q

precentral gyri

A

frontal lobe

62
Q

postcentral gyri

A

parietal lobe

63
Q

superior temporal gyri

A

temporal lobe

64
Q

cingulate gyri

A

inside of the frontal lobe

65
Q

fornix

A

a small string-like thing from the hippocampus to mammilary bodies

BCS 110 Test 1 (7 decks)

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