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Histo & Neuro Part 2 > Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of synapses?

A

electrical and chemical

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2
Q

this type of synapse has gap junctions between neurons

A

eletrical

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3
Q

electrical synapse main protein

A

connexins

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4
Q

this type of synapse has a narrow intercellular gap

A

electrical

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5
Q

in what direction do electrical synpases occur

A

both direction

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6
Q

which type of synapse has a synaptic delay

A

chemical

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7
Q

in what direction do chemical synapses occur

A

one direction

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8
Q

Charcot marie tooth is csused by a mutation in one of the _____ genes expressed in the Schwann cells disease:

A

connexin

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9
Q

what type of synapse does CMT disease occur in

A

electrical - ionic gap junctions

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10
Q

charcot marie tooth symptoms:

A

impaired myelination
peripheral - motor and sensory
foot drop
not fatal

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11
Q

sequence of events at chemical synpase

A

AP - calcium enters - transmitter release - binds to receptor - open close ion channels

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12
Q

what is Ca2+ buffering?

A

Ca2+ accumulates in presynaptic terminal

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13
Q

proteins involved in vesicle docking:

A

SNARE:
syntaxin
SNAP-25
synaptobrevin

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14
Q

targets nicotinic cholinergic terminals at NMJ

A

botox

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15
Q

targets glycinergic inhibitory terminals

A

Ttx

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16
Q

what is synaptotagmin?

A

calcium sensor

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17
Q

specific protease that cleaves SNARE proteins associated with the vesicular and presynaptic cell membranes

A

botulinum and tetanus

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18
Q

this toxin occurs after open wounds and takes up inhibitory spinal interneurons

A

tetanus

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19
Q

this toxin affects motor nuerons

A

botulinum

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20
Q

what proteins are involved in vesicle recycling?

A

clathrin and dynamin

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21
Q

what is synaptic fatigue?

A

synaptic depression -prolonged stimulation of synapse decreasing # of vesicles

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22
Q

inward current of transmitters causes

A

depolarization - excitatory

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23
Q

outward current of transmitters causes

A

hyperpolarization - inhibitory

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24
Q

how can transmitter be removed by synaptic cleft?

A

diffusion, uptake or enzymatic degradation

25
Q

what is enzymatic degradation

A

Ach hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase

26
Q

what does the NMJ release

A

Ach - nicotinic Ach receptor

27
Q

what are postsynaptic potentials

A

graded potentials - size decreases

28
Q

Muscle weakness due to reduced functional ACh receptor be a symptom of

A

Myasthenia gravis

29
Q

Myastenia gravis symptoms

A

droopy eyelids, limb muscles weakness

30
Q

MG treatment

A

inhibitory acetylcholinesterase and removal of thymus

31
Q

disease associated with carcinoma of the lung and reduced Ach release

A

Lambert-eaton

32
Q

what does lamber eaton syndrome do to channels

A

produces antibody against voltage gated calcium channels

33
Q

what are the postsynaptic receptor types

A
  1. ion gatted channels
  2. g-protein coupled receptors
34
Q

Neuromuscular junction receptor

A

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

35
Q

Permeable to cations (mostly Na+, K+, small amounts of Ca2+). Not as selective as the voltage gated channels

A

nicotinic Ach receptors

36
Q

Prolonged exposure to ACh causes

A

desensitization (inactivation) of Ach receptor

37
Q

high doses of Ach can cause

A

muscle paralysis

38
Q

carries most of the excitatory current through the ACh receptor ion channel

A

Na+

39
Q

Individual ligand gated receptor channels can be studied with

A

psthc clamp recording opened in ach presence

40
Q

ionotropic glutamate receptors have two major classes:

A

AMPA and NMDA

41
Q

synthetic drug agonist
* Most common receptor in the CNS

A

AMPA

42
Q

permeable to Na and K

A

AMPA

43
Q

permeable to Na and Ca

A

NMDA

44
Q

which receptors are dually regulated

A

NMDA glutamate receptors

45
Q

depolarization of NMDA removes which blocking channel

A

Mg2+ ion blocking channel

46
Q

receptor important in learning and memory formation

A

NMDA

47
Q

glutamate toxicity is:

A

Excessive Ca2+ or glutamate entry can be harmful to neurons

48
Q

glutamate toxicity causes:

A

strokes, epileptic seizures, neurodegenerative diseases like Huntingtons chorea and ALS

49
Q

inhibitory transmitter in spinal interneurons

A

glycine

50
Q

major inhibitory transmitter in brain

A

GABA

51
Q

inward flow of Cl- ions

A

Cl- permeability caused by inhibitory transmitters

52
Q

Which drugs can bind to GABA receptors and increase their inhibitory function

A

Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates

53
Q

prescribes for anxiety

A

valium and librium

54
Q

Proteins with 7 transmembrane regions activate:

A

G-protein receptors

55
Q

Most transmitters use _____ coupled receptors

A

G-protein

56
Q

Examples of G-protein transmitters

A

serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine

57
Q

Synapse of multiple sites for pharmacologic intervention

A

seronotin synapse

58
Q

which is the serotonin channel

A

5-HT3

Histo & Neuro Part 2 (13 decks)

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