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Histo & Neuro Part 2 > Development of NS > Flashcards

Development of NS Flashcards

1
Q

What induces the ectoderm to differentiate into the neural plate?

A

notocord and paraxial mesoderm

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2
Q

what protein is inducing the ectoderm developing into skin?

A

BMP4

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3
Q

what protein does the notocord secrete to develop into nervous tissue?

A

BMP4 antagonists - noggin, chordin, follastin

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4
Q

when does the NS first appear?

A

3rd week

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5
Q

what forms the neural plate?

A

the neural groove deepening

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6
Q

what neuroectodermal cells form from the neural groove?

A

neural crest cells

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7
Q

what does the neural tube differentiate into?

A

cns

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8
Q

what do the neural crest cells give rise to?

A

pns and autonomics ns

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9
Q

what does the neural canal communicate with?

A

amniotic cavity

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10
Q

closure of neural tube occurs first in

A

cervical region

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11
Q

neural tube openings are:

A

neuropores (rostral and caudal)

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12
Q

around what day do that neuropores close?

A

rostral - day 24
caudal - day 28

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13
Q

the walls of the neural tube thickens to form

A

brain, brainstem and spinal cord

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14
Q

somites give rise to

A

vertebrae and ribs
dermis on dorsal skin
skeletal muscles

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15
Q

what zone gives rise to all neurons and macroglia?

A

ventricular zone

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16
Q

what zone forms the precursors of white matter regions of the spinal cord?

A

marginal zone

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17
Q

primordial neurons are called:

A

neuroblasts

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18
Q

neuroblasts form the ____ zone between ventricular and marginal

A

intermediate zone

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19
Q

which plate is a signaling center for BMPs and Wnts

A

roof plate (dorsal)

20
Q

which plate is a signaling center for Shh

A

floor plate (ventral)

21
Q

which plate is a precursor of sensory gray matter?

A

alar plate (dorsal)

22
Q

which plate is a precursor of motor gray matter?

A

basal plate (ventral)

23
Q

helps pattern the organization of the basal plate

A

Shh

24
Q

helps pattern the organization of the alar plate

A

BMPs

25
Q

all sensory cells from the pns are derived from:

A

neural crest cells

26
Q

when does myelination begin?

A

late fetal period and continues during 1st postnatal yr

27
Q

differences in the thickening of the lateral walls produces a shallow longitudinal groove on each side of the neural (central) canal

A

sulcus limitans

28
Q

where does the newborn spinal cord end at?

A

L3 - infants
L1 - adults

29
Q

during what week do the brain flexures appear?

A

week 4
midbrain and cervical

30
Q

three primary vesicles:

A

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

31
Q

five secondary vesicles: 5th week

A

telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon

32
Q

thalamus cavity:

A

third ventricle

33
Q

midbrain cavity:

A

aqueduct

34
Q

medulla cavity:

A

fourth ventircle lower part

35
Q

pons cavity:

A

upper part of fourth ventircle

36
Q

cerebral hemisphere cavities:

A

lateral ventricles

37
Q

a ventral marker, is induced by Shh in the floor plate and repressed by BMPs in the roof plate

A

Pax6

38
Q

a dorsal marker, is repressed by Shh and induced by BMPs

A

Pax7

39
Q

Anomalies involving the vertebral arches

A

spina bifida

40
Q

Type of upper NTD that occurs when the anterior part of the neural tube (anterior neuropore) fails to close at week 4 of development

A

Anencephaly

41
Q

The brain fails to grow sufficiently, resulting in a smaller than normal brain

A

Microphaly

42
Q

The forebrain fails to develop into two hemispheres, with a resulting loss of midline structures that lead to malformations of the brain and face.

A

Holoprosencephaly

43
Q

Defects related to an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Hydrocephalus

44
Q

Caudal displacement and herniation of cerebellar structures through the foramen magnum

A

arnold-chiari malformation

45
Q

a congenital brain malformation involving the cerebellum and the fluid filled spaces around it

enlarged 4th ventricle and cyst

A

Dandy-walker syndrome

46
Q

Microglial cells arise from_____ after the production of neuroblasts has ceased.

A

mesenchyme

47
Q

myelomeningocele is related to what condition?

A

arnold-chiari

Histo & Neuro Part 2 (13 decks)

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