Disorders Discussed Flashcards
associated with thymoma
Myasthenia Gravis
associated with small cell lung CA
Lambert-Eaton
proteases that cleave SNARE proteins involved in neurotransmission
botulinum and tetanus
hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with foot deformities
charcot-marie-tooth
Toxin prevents release of inhibitory (GABA and glycine) neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
tetanus
Prion diseases
convert normal normal trotein to b-pleated form
rapidly progressive dementia, typically sporadic (some familial forms) in prions
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
(mad cow disease)
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy
Guillain barre
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is seen in
multiple sclerosis
Devic’s disease
Neuromielitis optica
Rosenthal fibers, GFAP, dominant
Alexander’s disease
Spinal stenosis and compression
Age related degenerative
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
anterior spinal artery infarct can cause:
Presents with UMN deficit below the lesion (corticospinal tract), LMN deficit at the level of the lesion (anterior horn), and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the lesion (spinothalamic tract)
vitamin b deficiency cam cause:
Subacute combined degeneration (SCD)— demyelination of Spinocerebellar tracts, lateral Corticospinal tracts, and Dorsal columns
neurosyphilis - tabes dorsalis
Affects dorsal column and nerve root
Slowly progressive
2ry to Multiple sclerosis, neuromielitis optica
inflammatory myelitis
metastatic myelopathy can cause:
Spreads to epidural space
80% nonambulatory
Neural tube fails to close, limb deformity, gi problems
spina bifida - myelomeningocele
brown-sequard syndrome
Hemicord lesion
transverse cord lesion
herniated discs can cause:
Radiculopathies
metastasis is:
Tumor cells or emboli spread via lymphatics or blood
herpes zoster
Rash that shoots tingling sensation down limbs
diabetic radiculopathy
Compression of spinal roots L2 and below, often due to intervertebral disc herniation or tumor, saddle anesthesia
cauda-equina syndrome
anterior cord syndrome
posterior cord syndrome
Loss of proprioception and vibration below
ventral cord syndrome
Loss of pain and temp below
Diffuse u fibers, NAA, recessive, spongiform
Canavan lkd disease
Peripheral neuropathy, destruction of oligodendrocytes, developmental delay, optic atrophy, globoid cells, recessive
Krabbe disease leukodystrophy
X-linked recessive disorder of β-oxidation due to mutation in ABCD1 gene
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Periventricular, arylsulfatase, recessive, granules, dementia leukodystrophy
Metachromic
Xlinked PLP, diffuse u fibers, poor eye control
pelizaeus merzbacher disease
associated with toxins and insecticides
Organophosphate poisoning
onset in infancy abnormal AchR
Congenital Myasthenic syndromes
Clinically Isolated Syndromes suggestive of MS (CIS)
Combination of Bilateral ON and cervical myelopathy disorder:
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)
most common NMJ disorder
Myasthenia Gravis
MG pathophysiology
Autoantibodies to postsynaptic ACh receptor
Ache Inhibitor trestment
MG
Lambert eaton pathophysiology
Autoantibodies to presynaptic Ca2+ channel block Ach release
botulinum symptoms:
flaccid paralysis
diplopia
dysarthia
dysphagia
dyspnea
Toxin prevents release of stimulatory (ACh) signals at neuromuscular junction, snare cleavage
botulinum
clostridium tetani causes
spactic paralysis
Guillain barre symptoms
high CSF, ascending muscle weakness, absent DTRs, GI/respi infection
medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion can cause
multiple sclerosis - impaired add of eye
medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion can cause
multiple sclerosis - impaired add of eye
Autoimmune inflammation and demyelination of CNS (brain and spinal cord) with subsequent axonal damage
multiple sclerosis
