Symptoms - Diseases Flashcards by Patrick van Nierop

A lot of vaginal discharge, often foul smelling in colours, white, grey, yellow, green. Genital redness, burning and itching. Painful urination

Trichomonas vaginalis infection

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A predrome phase: prior to the migraine you notice subtle changes. Aura may occur (could be vision loss, bright shapes, pins and needles sensation in arm or leg and speech problems). Lasts up to 72 hours.

Migraine

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“Thunderclap headache (like being kicked hard in the head developing over seconds to minutes)”

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

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Abdominal pain and cramping, rectal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, diarrhoea, fever

Ulcerative colitis

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Abdominal pain, bloated feeling, gas, diarrhoea and/or constipation, mucus in stool

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

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Acute illness, cough, purulent sputum (pus), fever, consolidation of the lung (fluid in it).

Pneumonia

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Acute pain after movement of the spine

Lumbago (mechanical lower back pain)

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Additional blood in vomit or stool, anaemia, infection, scar tissue blocking passage of food

Perforated ulcers

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Anaemia, osteoporosis (loss bone density), esteomalacia (softening of bone), fatigue, joint pain, acid reflux and heartburn

Coeliac disease

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Back pain caused by fractured or collapsed vertebra, loss of height, stooped posture, easy bone fractures

Osteoporosis (Rheumatology)

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Back pain, paralysis of limbs below the level of compression, and other things that are controlled by the spinal cord.

Spinal cord compression

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Begins with irritating and unproductive cough, later green or yellow sputum. Chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, mild fever, neutrophil leucocytosis (high white blood cell count).

(Acute) Bronchitis

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Breathlessness. Pleuritic chest pain (pain while breathing) and haemoptysis (coughing blood). High heart rate (tachycardia).

Pulmonary embolism

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Burning ache in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting

Gastritis

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Burning pain anywhere from navel to breastbone, worsen when stomach is empty, disappears and returns

Peptic ulcer disease

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Can range to no pain to severe and unrelenting neck or lower back pain.

Hernia nucleus pulposus

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Chest pain (Angina pectoris), shortness of breath, heart attack.

Coronary artery disease(CAD)/ Ischemic heart disease (IHD)

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Chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, fever, rapid weight gain.

Valvular heart disease / Rheumatic heart disease

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Congested lung (fluid backup in the lungs), Fluid and water retention (swollen ankles etc), dizziness, fatigue, weakness, irregular heartbeats.

(Congestive) heart failure

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Cough, wheeze, chest tightness, shortness of breath. Most frequent in young children and symptoms are worse at night. Increased IgE.

Asthma

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Coughing for more than three weeks, coughing blood, chest pain, fatigue, fever, chills, loss of appetite

Tuberculosis

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Coughing, shortness of breath. On imaging it is visible as a bright and vague white area

Pleural effusion

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Diarrhoea, fever and fatigue, blood in stool, reduced appetite, unintended weight loss

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

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Diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain, blood in stool, mouth sores, reduced appetite and weight loss, perianal disease

Crohn’s disease

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Difficulty in language and thinking, dissociation from family, behavioural changes, anxiety etc.

Pick’s disease

Extreme weight loss, Abnormal blood counts, fatigue, dizziness, hair thins/breaks/falls out

Anorexia nervosa

Fatigue, bruising or bleeding easily, itchy skin, jaundice, fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascites), loss of appetite, nausea, swelling of legs, weight loss, confusion, spider angiomas

Liver cirrhosis

Fatigue, dry skin, constipation, unexplained weight gain, thinning hair, slowed heart beat

Hypothyroidism

Fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice (yellow skin), fever (HepB and HepC), muscle and joint pain, easy bleeding, spider angiomas (HepC), swelling of legs (HepC), fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascitis (HepC))

Hepatitis

Feeling sadness, loss of interest, angry outbursts, anxiety, sleep disturbances

Depression

Feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, poor ability to exercise, confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out.

Anaemia

Fever, back and flank pain, frequent and painful urination, haematuria (blood in urine), urine smells or is cloudy

Pyelonephritis

Fever, headache, muscle ache, rash, chills, sore throat, mouth or genital ulcer, joint pain, swollen lymph glands, mainly on neck

HIV

First a small sore, rash that can cover whole body,

Syphilis

Frequent and painful micturition, pain in lower abdomen, pain between scrotum and rectum, painful orgasms, flu like symptoms (bacterial prostatitis)

Prostatitis

Frequent micturition with burning sensation, haematuria (blood in urine), cloudy or strong smelling, pressure in lower abdomen

Urinary tract infection / cystitis

Haematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (protein in urine (nephron damage)), hypertension, oedema (fluid retention), fatigue from anaemia

Glomerulonephritis

Headache, fever, stiff neck, vomiting, confusion.

Meningitis / encephalitis

Heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, acid reflux, sensation of lump in throat

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

Irregular or missing periods, heavier or lighter, hot flashes through upper body

Premature menopause

Irritated, red vagina. Thick, white, and odour free vaginal discharge

Candidiasis

Main: Shortness of breath, blue/grey lips or fingernails, mentally not alert+ See COPD

Emphysema

Mild to no symptoms, though sometimes leg pain. However your leg may change a bit(less hair, colour, nail growth) due to the low blood supply.Additional symptoms:- Intermittent Claudication (muscle pain)- Acute Limb Ischaemia (lack of blood to limb)- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (enlarged abdominal aorta (blood build-up)- Varicose veins (enlarged/twisted veins).

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)/ vascular disease

More frequent urination and unsteady flow.

Benign prostate hypertrophy

Nasal irritation, sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea, itchy eyes.

Rhinitis

Nausea and vomiting, fatigue, muscle twitches and cramps, oedema, hypertension

Renal disease

No clear symptoms. Doctor often finds it before you do. Slight chest pain, shortness of breath, light-headedness, dizziness, near fainting.

Cardiac arrhythmias

No real symptoms felt by patient?

Hyperlipidaemia / Hyper-cholesterolemia

No real symptoms, even in blood pressure reaches dangerously high levels. Sometimes: headaches, dizziness, more nosebleeds.

Hypertension

No significant signs or symptoms. Rarely pain.

Varicocele

Numbness or tingling in feet or hands, sharp/jabbing/burning pain, extreme sensitive to touch, lack of coordination and falling, heat intolerance

Diabetes neuropathy

Oedema, foamy urine, poor appetite, nausea, fatigue, frequent hiccups

Diabetes nephropathy

Pain and swelling of affected limb.

Arterial and venous thrombosis (slagader en ader)

Pain in chest or arm that may spread to your neck, jaw or back. Nausea. Shortness of breath, cold sweat, fatigue.

Myocardial infarction

Pain in lower abdomen and back and flanks, haematuria, cloudy or smelly urine, nausea and vomiting, frequent and painful micturition

Renal calculi / nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis

Pain in lower abdomen and pelvis. Heavy vaginal discharge with unpleasant odour, Irregular menstrual bleeding, pain during intercourse, fever, painful or difficult urination.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pain in scrotum, swelling, abdominal pain, nausea.

Torsio testis/testicular torsion

Pain in upper right abdomen, back pain between shoulder blades, pain in right shoulder, pain lasts minutes to hours

Gallstones

Pain or itching, small red bumps or tiny white blisters, ulcers, scabs

Herpes Simplex Virus infection

Pain while walking and prolonged standing and is classically relieved by a change in position or flexing the joints.

Neurogenic claudication

Painful urination, discharge, pain in one testicle, vaginal bleeding between periods, abdominal and pelvic pain in women

Gonorrhoeal disease

Painful urination, lower abdominal pain, discharge from end urinary tract, testicular pain, bleeding between period in women

Chlamydia trachomatis infection / Trachoma

Paralysis in parts of the body. Slurred speech or difficulty understanding others. Blindness in one or both eyes, or double vision. Dizziness.

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Phantom noises in ear (ringing, buzzing, clicking, etc.)

Tinnitus

Productive cough, wheeze, breathlessness, frequent infections, hypertension (high blood pressure), osteoporosis (decrease in bone mass), weight loss, loss of muscle mass.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Rapid onset. Facial droop. Drooling, Pain around jaw, increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side, headache, decreased taste ability, changes in amount of tears and saliva produced.

Bell’s Palsy

Same as diabetes, abdominal pain, fruity-scented breath

Diabetes ketoacidosis

See TIA

Brain/cerebral infarction (stroke)

See TIA

Brain/cerebral haemorrhage

Sharp stabbing chest pain behind the breastbone.

Pericarditis

Spots or dark strings floating in vision, blurred vison, difficulty with colour perception

Diabetes retinopathy

Starts with short term memory loss. Can result in problems with language, disorientation, mood swings, loss of motivation, no self-care and behavioural issues.

Alzheimer’s disease

Sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness.

Cardiac arrest

Sudden unilateral (one sided) pleuritic pain. Breathlessness.

Pneumothorax

Sudden weight loss, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), increased appetite, nervousness, sweating, brittle hair, skin thinning, tremor

Hyperthyroidism

Temporary confusion, staring, uncontrollable jerking, loss of consciousness or awareness, psychic symptoms.

Epilepsy

Thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, ketone in urine, fatigue, blurred vision (glucose osmosis), frequent infections

Diabetes Mellitus

Tremors, slowed movement, rigid muscles, impaired posture and balance, loss of automatic movements (blinking etc.), speech changes, writing changes.

Parkinson (idiopathic)

Trouble urinating, blood in semen, discomfort in pelvic area, bone pain, erectile dysfunction.

Prostate carcinoma

Upper abdominal pain, feels worsen after eating, nausea and vomiting, oily smelly stools

Pancreatitis

Ventricular fibrillation. Some people feel dizzy when it starts but you pass out real quick.

Sudden cardiac death

Vomiting blood, black tarry or bloody stools, Jaundice (yellow skin), spider nevi (swollen blood vessels just beneath the skin

Oesophageal varices

Weakness, numbness, pins-an-needles, burning pain. Usually begins in hands and feet.

(Poly) neuropathy

Weakness, shortness of breath, lethargy, confusion, abnormal heart rhythms, sudden death.

Renal insufficiency

Weight loss is often the first symptom. Other symptoms depend on the location of the tumour.

Carcinoma

Weight loss.Abdominal pain or chest pain, Painful coughing, shortness of breath, unusual lumps of tissue under the skin.

Mesothelioma

Weight loss.Abdominal pain, Jaundice, loss of appetite, depression, blood clots.

Pancreas carcinoma

Weight loss.Blood in urine, back pain just below the ribs, fatigue, intermittent fever.

Renal and Urothelial carcinoma

Weight loss.Change in bowel habits. Rectal bleeding. Persistent cramps. Feeling that your bowel doesn’t empty completely. Weakness

Colorectal carcinoma

Weight loss.Chronic cough (smoker’s cough), shortness of breath, coughing blood, chest pain, wheezing.

Lung carcinoma

Weight loss.Difficulty swallowing, chest pain, coughing or hoarseness.

Oesophageal cancer

Weight loss.Fatigue, feeling bloated after eating, stomach pain, vomiting that is persistent.

Gastric cancer

Weight loss.Loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, jaundice, white chalky stools.

Liver carcinoma

Weight lossBreast lump or thickening. Bloody discharge from the nipple, redness of skin.

Breast disease

Weight lossVary greatly. Basically every brain function could be disturbed.

Brain tumour: Glioma

Weight lossVary greatly. Basically every brain function could be disturbed.

Brain tumour: Meningioma