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General Medicine Symptoms > Symptoms + causes - diseases > Flashcards

Symptoms + causes - diseases Flashcards

1
Q

A lot of vaginal discharge, often foul smelling in colours, white, grey, yellow, green. Genital redness, burning and itching. Painful urination Sexual contact

A

Trichomonas vaginalis infection

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2
Q

A predrome phase: prior to the * you notice subtle changes. Aura may occur (could be vision loss, bright shapes, pins and needles sensation in arm or leg and speech problems). Lasts up to 72 hours. Poorly understood. Genetics and environmental factors involved. Triggers range widely; Hormones, food, stress, changes to sleep pattern, physical factors, changes in environment (weather etc.) and medications.

A

Migraine

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3
Q

“Thunderclap headache (like being kicked hard in the head developing over seconds to minutes)” Mostly due to trauma.

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

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4
Q

Abdominal pain and cramping, rectal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, diarrhoea, fever Before 30 years, family history, isotretinoin (medication against acne)

A

Ulcerative colitis

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5
Q

Abdominal pain, bloated feeling, gas, diarrhoea and/or constipation, mucus in stool Above 45, female, family history, foods/stress/hormones/other illness?

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

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6
Q

Acute illness, cough, purulent sputum (pus), fever, consolidation of the lung (fluid in it). Bacteria. Higher chance when using immunosuppression’s, smoking, drinking.

A

Pneumonia

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7
Q

Acute pain after movement of the spine Caused by other problems/diseases

A

Lumbago (mechanical lower back pain)

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8
Q

Additional blood in vomit or stool, anaemia, infection, scar tissue blocking passage of food Complication of peptic ulcers

A

Perforated ulcers

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9
Q

Anaemia, osteoporosis (loss bone density), esteomalacia (softening of bone), fatigue, joint pain, acid reflux and heartburn Type I diabetes, family member coeliac or dermatitis herpetiformi (skin rash)

A

Coeliac disease

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10
Q

Back pain caused by fractured or collapsed vertebra, loss of height, stooped posture, easy bone fractures Older age, women, thyroid problems, low calcium intake

A

Osteoporosis (Rheumatology)

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11
Q

Back pain, paralysis of limbs below the level of compression, and other things that are controlled by the spinal cord. Compression of the spinal cord due to bone fragments, tumour, abscess, hernia or other lesion.

A

Spinal cord compression

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12
Q

Begins with irritating and unproductive cough, later green or yellow sputum. Chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, mild fever, neutrophil leucocytosis (high white blood cell count). Virus or bacteria. Smokers and COPD patients are more prone.

A

(Acute) Bronchitis

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13
Q

Breathlessness. Pleuritic chest pain (pain while breathing) and haemoptysis (coughing blood). High heart rate (tachycardia). Heart disease. Cancer; metastasis can increase levels of blood clothing factors.

A

Pulmonary embolism

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14
Q

Burning ache in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting H. pylori infection, regular use of pain relievers, alcohol, autoimmune gastritis

A

Gastritis

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15
Q

Burning pain anywhere from navel to breastbone, worsen when stomach is empty, disappears and returns Helicobacter pylori, regular use of pain relievers, smoking, alcohol

A

Peptic ulcer disease

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16
Q

Can range to no pain to severe and unrelenting neck or lower back pain. Mostly due to degeneration of the intervertebral disk (due to age). Sometimes due to trauma.

A

Hernia nucleus pulposus

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17
Q

Chest pain (Angina pectoris), shortness of breath, heart attack. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, wrong lifestyle.

A

Coronary artery disease(CAD)/ Ischemic heart disease (IHD)

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18
Q

Chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, fever, rapid weight gain. Old age (tissue degeneration), rheumatic fever (inflammation of the heart), infection, high blood pressure, heart attack.

A

Valvular heart disease / Rheumatic heart disease

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19
Q

Congested lung (fluid backup in the lungs), Fluid and water retention (swollen ankles etc), dizziness, fatigue, weakness, irregular heartbeats. Often the result of other heart diseases.

A

(Congestive) heart failure

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20
Q

Cough, wheeze, chest tightness, shortness of breath. Most frequent in young children and symptoms are worse at night. Increased IgE. Air pollution, allergens, cold air, exercise emotion.

A

Asthma

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21
Q

Coughing for more than three weeks, coughing blood, chest pain, fatigue, fever, chills, loss of appetite Bacterial infection spread though air, HIV patients, those under cancer treatment

A

Tuberculosis

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22
Q

Coughing, shortness of breath. Heart failure (resulting in elevated pulmonary capillary pressure) and Cirrhosis (leading to hypoproteinemia (low protein conc in blood)).

A

Pleural effusion

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23
Q

Diarrhoea, fever and fatigue, blood in stool, reduced appetite, unintended weight loss Smoking, isotretinoin (medication against acne), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium)

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

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24
Q

Diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain, blood in stool, mouth sores, reduced appetite and weight loss, perianal disease Immune system or heredity? Before 30 years, smoking

A

Crohn’s disease

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25
Q

Difficulty in language and thinking, dissociation from family, behavioural changes, anxiety etc. Very much unknown. Likely genetic.

A

Pick’s disease

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26
Q

Extreme weight loss, Abnormal blood counts, fatigue, dizziness, hair thins/breaks/falls out, etc. (starvation symptoms). Possible genetic, Psychological, Environment.

A

Anorexia nervosa

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27
Q

Fatigue, bruising or bleeding easily, itchy skin, jaundice, fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascites), loss of appetite, nausea, swelling of legs, weight loss, confusion, spider angiomas Inherited diseases, alcoholism, HepB/C, fat accumulation in liver, destruction of bile ducts (primary bile cirrhosis)

A

Liver cirrhosis

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28
Q

Fatigue, dry skin, constipation, unexplained weight gain, thinning hair, slowed heart beat Autoimmune disease, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, iodine deficiency, women older than 60 years

A

Hypothyroidism

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29
Q

Fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice (yellow skin), fever (HepB and HepC), muscle and joint pain, easy bleeding, spider angiomas (HepC), swelling of legs (HepC), fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascitis (HepC)) Contact with contaminated blood (HepB, C, D), contact with contaminated water (HepA, E), HepD enhances HepB

A

Hepatitis

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30
Q

Feeling sadness, loss of interest, angry outbursts, anxiety, sleep disturbances Brain chemistry, change in hormones, childhood trauma

A

Depression

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31
Q

Feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, poor ability to exercise, confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out. Impaired Red Blood Cell production, increased RBC destruction, blood loss and fluid overload(hypervolemia)

A

Anaemia

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32
Q

Fever, back and flank pain, frequent and painful urination, haematuria (blood in urine), urine smells or is cloudy Bacterial infection through urinary tract, woman more prone to infection due to shorter track

A

Pyelonephritis

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33
Q

Fever, headache, muscle ache, rash, chills, sore throat, mouth or genital ulcer, joint pain, swollen lymph glands, mainly on neck Sexual contact, share of needles

A

HIV

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34
Q

First a small sore, rash that can cover whole body, Sexual contact

A

Syphilis

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35
Q

Frequent and painful micturition, pain in lower abdomen, pain between scrotum and rectum, painful orgasms, flu like symptoms (bacterial prostatitis) Infection with common strains of bacteria

A

Prostatitis

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36
Q

Frequent micturition with burning sensation, haematuria (blood in urine), cloudy or strong smelling, pressure in lower abdomen Bacterial cystitis, mainly E. coli. Obtained by sexual contact

A

Urinary tract infection / cystitis

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37
Q

Haematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (protein in urine (nephron damage)), hypertension, oedema (fluid retention), fatigue from anaemia Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (after infection antibodies settle in kidneys), diabetic nephropathy

A

Glomerulonephritis

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38
Q

Headache, fever, stiff neck, vomiting, confusion. Viral infection. Sometimes bacterial and fungal.

A

Meningitis (meninges inflammation)/ encephalitis (brain inflammation)

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39
Q

Heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, acid reflux, sensation of lump in throat Obesity, smoking, dry mouth, asthma, pregnancy

A

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

40
Q

Irregular or missing periods, heavier or lighter, hot flashes through upper body

A

Premature menopause

41
Q

Irritated, red vagina. Thick, white, and odour free vaginal discharge Antibiotic overuse allows yeast overgrowth, change in vaginal bacteria (douching)

A

Candidiasis

42
Q

Main: Shortness of breath, blue/grey lips or fingernails, mentally not alert+ See COPD See COPD

A

Emphysema

43
Q

Mild to no symptoms, though sometimes leg pain. However your leg may change a bit(less hair, colour, nail growth) due to the low blood supply.Additional symptoms:- Intermittent Claudication (muscle pain)- Acute Limb Ischaemia (lack of blood to limb)- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (enlarged abdominal aorta (blood build-up)- Varicose veins (enlarged/twisted veins). Atherosclerosis (fatty deposits(plaque) build up in your artery walls).

A

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)/ vascular disease

44
Q

More frequent urination and unsteady flow. Age. Hormones (testosterone) play permissive role.

A

Benign prostate hypertrophy

45
Q

Nasal irritation, sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea, itchy eyes. Seasonal (pollen), Dust mites, Dander (dead skin cells) from pets etc.

A

Rhinitis

46
Q

Nausea and vomiting, fatigue, muscle twitches and cramps, oedema, hypertension Type 1 or 2 diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, prolonged obstruction of urinary tract (enlarged prostate, kidney stones)

A

Renal disease

47
Q

No clear symptoms. Doctor often finds it before you do. Slight chest pain, shortness of breath, light-headedness, dizziness, near fainting. VEERY wide range of causes.

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

48
Q

No real symptoms felt by patient? Either genetic or due to lifestyle (Diet)

A

Hyperlipidaemia / Hyper-cholesterolemia

49
Q

No real symptoms, even if blood pressure reaches dangerously high levels. Sometimes: headaches, dizziness, more nosebleeds. Often no real cause for prolonged hypertension.

A

Hypertension

50
Q

No significant signs or symptoms. Rarely pain. Unknown

A

Varicocele

51
Q

Numbness or tingling in feet or hands, sharp/jabbing/burning pain, extreme sensitive to touch, lack of coordination and falling, heat intolerance Alcoholism, autoimmune diseases

A

Diabetes neuropathy

52
Q

Oedema, foamy urine, poor appetite, nausea, fatigue, frequent hiccups High cholesterol, hypertension, obese, smoking

A

Diabetes nephropathy

53
Q

Pain and swelling of affected limb. Formation of a clot. Clot formation can be due to anything that prevents good blood circulation.

A

Arterial and venous thrombosis (slagader en ader)

54
Q

Pain in chest or arm that may spread to your neck, jaw or back. Nausea. Shortness of breath, cold sweat, fatigue. Build-up of lipids, not necessarily in the heart itself. If elsewhere suddenly breaks it spreads through the body.

A

Myocardial infarction

55
Q

Pain in lower abdomen and back and flanks, haematuria, cloudy or smelly urine, nausea and vomiting, frequent and painful micturition Calcium stones (oxalate in foods), struvite (infection), uric (people who do not drink enough), cystine (genetic disorder)

A

Renal calculi / nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis

56
Q

Pain in lower abdomen and pelvis. Heavy vaginal discharge with unpleasant odour, Irregular menstrual bleeding, pain during intercourse, fever, painful or difficult urination. Bacterial infection.

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

57
Q

(Extreme) Pain in scrotum, swelling, abdominal pain, nausea. Regular * is affected by heritage.

A

Torsio testis/testicular torsion

58
Q

Pain in upper right abdomen, back pain between shoulder blades, pain in right shoulder, pain lasts minutes to hours Liver secretes too much cholesterol that bile cannot handle, too much bilirubin (breakdown red blood cells), losing weight very quickly

A

Gallstones

59
Q

Pain or itching, small red bumps or tiny white blisters, ulcers, scabs Skin to skin contact, it is highly contagious

A

Herpes Simplex Virus infection

60
Q

Pain while walking and prolonged standing and is classically relieved by a change in position or flexing the joints. Associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. Also if spinal cord nerves get inflammation.

A

Neurogenic claudication

61
Q

Painful urination, discharge, pain in one testicle, vaginal bleeding between periods, abdominal and pelvic pain in women Infection with bacterium *, most often during intercourse

A

Gonorrhoeal disease

62
Q

Painful urination, lower abdominal pain, discharge from end urinary tract, testicular pain, bleeding between period in women Bacterial infection with *, usually sexually transmitted

A

Chlamydia trachomatis infection / Trachoma

63
Q

Paralysis in parts of the body. Slurred speech or difficulty understanding others. Blindness in one or both eyes, or double vision. Dizziness. Symptoms do not last too long.

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

64
Q

Phantom noises in ear (ringing, buzzing, clicking, etc.) Age related hearing loss, exposure to loud noise, earwax blockage

A

Tinnitus

65
Q

Productive cough, wheeze, breathlessness, frequent infections, hypertension (high blood pressure), osteoporosis (decrease in bone mass), weight loss, loss of muscle mass. Smoking, long-term exposure to toxic particles and gases.

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

66
Q

Rapid onset. Facial droop. Drooling, Pain around jaw, increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side, headache, decreased taste ability, changes in amount of tears and saliva produced. Exact cause unknown. Possibly due to swelling and inflammation (because of a viral infection) of the nerve that controls the muscles on one side of your face.

A

Bell’s Palsy

67
Q

Same as diabetes, abdominal pain, fruity-scented breath Problems with insulin therapy (forget frequently, not good dosage), illness causes elevated levels of adrenaline and cortisol, which work against insulin

A

Diabetes ketoacidosis

68
Q

See TIA High blood pressure, diabetes, menopause, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, severe migraine.

A

Brain/cerebral haemorrhage

69
Q

See TIA See TIA. However this is not short term.

A

Brain/cerebral infarction (stroke)

70
Q

Sharp stabbing chest pain behind the breastbone. Inflammation of the pericardium, possible due to viral infection. Also irritation resulting from a heart attack can lead to pericarditis.

A

Pericarditis

71
Q

Spots or dark strings floating in vision, blurred vison, difficulty with colour perception Elevated blood sugar levels can cause tiny vessels to become clogged, duration of diabetes, hypertension (high cholesterol, smoking, pregnancy)

A

Diabetes retinopathy

72
Q

Starts with short term memory loss. Can result in problems with language, disorientation, mood swings, loss of motivation, no self-care and behavioural issues. Chronic neurodegenerative disease. A point mutation in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) can cause AD. Also Presenilin 1 and 2, and some other genes. Age is the main risk factor.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

73
Q

Sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness. Often the result of another heart condition (wide range). Unlikely to happen in healthy person.

A

Cardiac arrest

74
Q

Sudden unilateral (one sided) pleuritic pain. Breathlessness. Congenital defects in the connective tissue of the alveolar walls. More common with COPD. Can occur spontaneous or due to chest trauma.

A

Pneumothorax

75
Q

Sudden weight loss, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), increased appetite, nervousness, sweating, brittle hair, skin thinning, tremor Family history

A

Hyperthyroidism

76
Q

Temporary confusion, staring, uncontrollable jerking, loss of consciousness or awareness, psychic symptoms. Genetic influence, head trauma, brain conditions, infectious diseases, prenatal injury, developmental disorders. However these causes only explain about 50% of the cases. Rest is unknown.

A

Epilepsy

77
Q

Thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, ketone in urine, fatigue, blurred vision (glucose osmosis), frequent infections Family history (type 1), weight, activity

A

Diabetes Mellitus

78
Q

Tremors, slowed movement, rigid muscles, impaired posture and balance, loss of automatic movements (blinking etc.), speech changes, writing changes. Degeneration of the central nervous system. Reason unknown. Risk factors are age, heredity, sex, and exposure to toxins (very slight increased risk)

A

Parkinson (idiopathic)

79
Q

Trouble urinating, blood in semen, discomfort in pelvic area, bone pain, erectile dysfunction. DNA damage (heritable, Age, Exposure to radiations.

A

Prostate carcinoma

80
Q

Upper abdominal pain, feels worsen after eating, nausea and vomiting, oily smelly stools Alcoholism, smoking, gallstones, pancreatic cancer

A

Pancreatitis

81
Q

Ventricular fibrillation. Some people feel dizzy when it starts but you pass out real quick. Arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms). Often tissue of the heart is damaged resulting in disturbance of the electrical pulse guidance.

A

Sudden cardiac death

82
Q

Vomiting blood, black tarry or bloody stools, Jaundice (yellow skin), spider nevi (swollen blood vessels just beneath the skin Liver Cirrhosis due to alcohol use (due to scar tissue, the blood flow is blocked slowing the liver functions), Thrombosis (blood clothing), parasitic infection.

A

Oesophageal varices

83
Q

Weakness, numbness, pins-an-needles, burning pain. Usually begins in hands and feet. Infection, autoimmune reactions, toxins, certain drugs (chemotherapy agents), cancer.

A

(Poly) neuropathy

84
Q

Weakness, shortness of breath, lethargy, confusion, abnormal heart rhythms, sudden death. Blood supply to kidneys is interrupted. Diabetes, long-term hypertension, overuse of common drugs.

A

Renal insufficiency

85
Q

Weight loss is often the first symptom. Other symptoms depend on the location of the tumour. DNA damage (heritable), Age, Exposure to radiation.

A

Carcinoma

86
Q

Weight loss.Abdominal pain or chest pain, Painful coughing, shortness of breath, unusual lumps of tissue under the skin. DNA damage (heritable, Age, Exposure to radiations.

A

Mesothelioma

87
Q

Weight loss.Abdominal pain, Jaundice, loss of appetite, depression, blood clots. DNA damage (heritable, Age, Exposure to radiations.

A

Pancreas carcinoma

88
Q

Weight loss.Blood in urine, back pain just below the ribs, fatigue, intermittent fever. DNA damage (heritable, Age, Exposure to radiations.

A

Renal and Urothelial carcinoma

89
Q

Weight loss.Change in bowel habits. Rectal bleeding. Persistent cramps. Feeling that your bowel doesn’t empty completely. Weakness DNA damage (heritable), Age, Exposure to radiation. Male gender, high intake of fat, alcohol and red meat. Obesity, smoking lack of physical exercise.

A

Colorectal carcinoma

90
Q

Weight loss.Chronic cough (smoker’s cough), shortness of breath, coughing blood, chest pain, wheezing. Smoking. DNA damage (heritable, Age, Exposure to radiations.

A

Lung carcinoma

91
Q

Weight loss.Difficulty swallowing, chest pain, coughing or hoarseness. DNA damage (heritable, Age, Exposure to radiations. Alcohol, very hot drinks/food, poor diet.

A

Oesophageal cancer

92
Q

Weight loss.Fatigue, feeling bloated after eating, stomach pain, vomiting that is persistent. DNA damage (heritable, Age, Exposure to radiations. Eating smoked, salted and pickled (preserved in acid) food.

A

Gastric cancer

93
Q

Weight loss.Loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, jaundice, white chalky stools. Chronic infection (hepatitis). DNA damage (heritable, Age, Exposure to radiations.

A

Liver carcinoma

94
Q

Weight lossBreast lump or thickening. Bloody discharge from the nipple, redness of skin. DNA damage (heritable), Age, Exposure to radiation.

A

Breast disease

95
Q

Weight lossVary greatly. Basically every brain function could be disturbed. DNA damage (heritable), Age, Exposure to radiation.

A

Brain tumour: Glioma

96
Q

Weight lossVary greatly. Basically every brain function could be disturbed. DNA damage (heritable), Age, Exposure to radiation.

A

Brain tumour: Meningioma

General Medicine Symptoms (6 decks)

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