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General Medicine Symptoms > General Medicine symptoms > Flashcards

General Medicine symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma

A

Cough, wheeze, chest tightness, shortness of breath. Most frequent in young children and symptoms are worse at night. Increased IgE.

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2
Q

(Acute) Bronchitis

A

Begins with irritating and unproductive cough, later green or yellow sputum. Chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, mild fever, neutrophil leucocytosis (high white blood cell count).

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3
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Productive cough, wheeze, breathlessness, frequent infections, hypertension (high blood pressure), osteoporosis (decrease in bone mass), weight loss, loss of muscle mass.

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4
Q

Emphysema

A

Main: Shortness of breath, blue/grey lips or fingernails, mentally not alert
+ See COPD

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5
Q

Oesophageal varices

A

Vomiting blood, black tarry or bloody stools, Jaundice (yellow skin), spider nevi (swollen blood vessels just beneath the skin

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6
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Coughing, shortness of breath.

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7
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Sudden unilateral (one sided) pleuritic pain. Breathlessness.

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8
Q

Pneumonia

A

Acute illness, cough, purulent sputum (pus), fever, consolidation of the lung (fluid in it).

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9
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Breathlessness. Pleuritic chest pain (pain while breathing) and haemoptysis (coughing blood). High heart rate (tachycardia).

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10
Q

Rhinitis

A

Nasal irritation, sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea, itchy eyes.

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11
Q

Gastritis

A

Burning ache in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting

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12
Q

Gallstones

A

Pain in upper right abdomen, back pain between shoulder blades, pain in right shoulder, pain lasts minutes to hours

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13
Q

Coeliac disease

A

Anaemia, osteoporosis (loss bone density), esteomalacia (softening of bone), fatigue, joint pain, acid reflux and heartburn

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14
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, ketone in urine, fatigue, blurred vision (glucose osmosis), frequent infections

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15
Q

Diabetes ketoacidosis

A

Same as diabetes, abdominal pain, fruity-scented breath

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16
Q

Diabetes retinopathy

A

Spots or dark strings floating in vision, blurred vison, difficulty with colour perception

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17
Q

Diabetes nephropathy

A

Oedema, foamy urine, poor appetite, nausea, fatigue, frequent hiccups

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18
Q

Diabetes neuropathy

A

Numbness or tingling in feet or hands, sharp/jabbing/burning pain, extreme sensitive to touch, lack of coordination and falling, heat intolerance

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19
Q

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

A

Heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, acid reflux, sensation of lump in throat

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20
Q

Hepatitis

A

Fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice (yellow skin), fever (HepB and HepC), muscle and joint pain, easy bleeding, spider angiomas (HepC), swelling of legs (HepC), fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascitis (HepC))

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21
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Sudden weight loss, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), increased appetite, nervousness, sweating, brittle hair, skin thinning, tremor

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22
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Fatigue, dry skin, constipation, unexplained weight gain, thinning hair, slowed heart beat

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23
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

Diarrhoea, fever and fatigue, blood in stool, reduced appetite, unintended weight loss

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24
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain, blood in stool, mouth sores, reduced appetite and weight loss, perianal disease

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25
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Abdominal pain and cramping, rectal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, diarrhoea, fever

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26
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A

Abdominal pain, bloated feeling, gas, diarrhoea and/or constipation, mucus in stool

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27
Q

Liver cirrhosis

A

Fatigue, bruising or bleeding easily, itchy skin, jaundice, fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascites), loss of appetite, nausea, swelling of legs, weight loss, confusion, spider angiomas

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28
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A

Burning pain anywhere from navel to breastbone, worsen when stomach is empty, disappears and returns

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29
Q

Perforated ulcers

A

Additional blood in vomit or stool, anaemia, infection, scar tissue blocking passage of food

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30
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Upper abdominal pain, feels worsen after eating, nausea and vomiting, oily smelly stools

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31
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Starts with short term memory loss. Can result in problems with language, disorientation, mood swings, loss of motivation, no self-care and behavioural issues.

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32
Q

Parkinson (idiopathic)

A

Tremors, slowed movement, rigid muscles, impaired posture and balance, loss of automatic movements (blinking etc.), speech changes, writing changes.

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33
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Rapid onset. Facial droop. Drooling, Pain around jaw, increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side, headache, decreased taste ability, changes in amount of tears and saliva produced.

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34
Q

Epilepsy

A

Temporary confusion, staring, uncontrollable jerking, loss of consciousness or awareness, psychic symptoms.

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35
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Paralysis in parts of the body. Slurred speech or difficulty understanding others. Blindness in one or both eyes, or double vision. Dizziness.

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36
Q

Brain/cerebral infarction (stroke)

A

See TIA

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37
Q

Brain/cerebral haemorrhage

A

See TIA

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38
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

“Thunderclap headache (like being kicked hard in the head developing over seconds to minutes)”

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39
Q

Migraine

A

A predrome phase: prior to the migraine you notice subtle changes. Aura may occur (could be vision loss, bright shapes, pins and needles sensation in arm or leg and speech problems). Lasts up to 72 hours.

40
Q

Neurogenic claudication

A

Pain while walking and prolonged standing and is classically relieved by a change in position or flexing the joints.

41
Q

Meningitis / encephalitis

A

Headache, fever, stiff neck, vomiting, confusion.

42
Q

(Poly) neuropathy

A

Weakness, numbness, pins-an-needles, burning pain. Usually begins in hands and feet.

43
Q

Anaemia

A

Feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, poor ability to exercise, confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out.

44
Q

Arterial and venous thrombosis (slagader en ader)

A

Pain and swelling of affected limb.

45
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness.

46
Q

Cardiac arrhythmias

A

No clear symptoms. Doctor often finds it before you do. Slight chest pain, shortness of breath, light-headedness, dizziness, near fainting.

47
Q

(Congestive) heart failure

A

Congested lung (fluid backup in the lungs), Fluid and water retention (swollen ankles etc), dizziness, fatigue, weakness, irregular heartbeats.

48
Q

Coronary artery disease(CAD)/ Ischemic heart disease (IHD)

A

Chest pain (Angina pectoris), shortness of breath, heart attack.

49
Q

Hyperlipidaemia / Hyper-cholesterolemia

A

No real symptoms felt by patient?

50
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Pain in chest or arm that may spread to your neck, jaw or back. Nausea. Shortness of breath, cold sweat, fatigue.

51
Q

Pericarditis

A

Sharp stabbing chest pain behind the breastbone.

52
Q

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)/ vascular disease

A

Mild to no symptoms, though sometimes leg pain. However your leg may change a bit(less hair, colour, nail growth) due to the low blood supply.

Additional symptoms:

  • Intermittent Claudication (muscle pain)
  • Acute Limb Ischaemia (lack of blood to limb)
  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (enlarged abdominal aorta (blood build-up)
  • Varicose veins (enlarged/twisted veins).
53
Q

Valvular heart disease / Rheumatic heart disease

A

Chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, fever, rapid weight gain.

54
Q

Sudden cardiac death

A

Ventricular fibrillation. Some people feel dizzy when it starts but you pass out real quick.

55
Q

Urinary tract infection / cystitis

A

Frequent micturition with burning sensation, haematuria (blood in urine), cloudy or strong smelling, pressure in lower abdomen

56
Q

Candidiasis

A

Irritated, red vagina. Thick, white, and odour free vaginal discharge

57
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis infection / Trachoma

A

Painful urination, lower abdominal pain, discharge from end urinary tract, testicular pain, bleeding between period in women

58
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Haematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (protein in urine (nephron damage)), hypertension, oedema (fluid retention), fatigue from anaemia

59
Q

Gonorrhoeal disease

A

Painful urination, discharge, pain in one testicle, vaginal bleeding between periods, abdominal and pelvic pain in women

60
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus infection

A

Pain or itching, small red bumps or tiny white blisters, ulcers, scabs

61
Q

HIV

A

Fever, headache, muscle ache, rash, chills, sore throat, mouth or genital ulcer, joint pain, swollen lymph glands, mainly on neck

62
Q

Prostatitis

A

Frequent and painful micturition, pain in lower abdomen, pain between scrotum and rectum, painful orgasms, flu like symptoms (bacterial prostatitis)

63
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Fever, back and flank pain, frequent and painful urination, haematuria (blood in urine), urine smells or is cloudy

64
Q

Renal disease

A

Nausea and vomiting, fatigue, muscle twitches and cramps, oedema, hypertension

65
Q

Renal calculi / nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis

A

Pain in lower abdomen and back and flanks, haematuria, cloudy or smelly urine, nausea and vomiting, frequent and painful micturition

66
Q

Syphilis

A

First a small sore, rash that can cover whole body,

67
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis infection

A

A lot of vaginal discharge, often foul smelling in colours, white, grey, yellow, green. Genital redness, burning and itching. Painful urination

68
Q

Breast disease

A

Weight loss

Breast lump or thickening. Bloody discharge from the nipple, redness of skin.

69
Q

Benign prostate hypertrophy

A

More frequent urination and unsteady flow.

70
Q

Brain tumour: Glioma

A

Weight loss

Vary greatly. Basically every brain function could be disturbed.

71
Q

Brain tumour: Meningioma

A

Weight loss

Vary greatly. Basically every brain function could be disturbed.

72
Q

Carcinoma

A

Weight loss is often the first symptom. Other symptoms depend on the location of the tumour.

73
Q

Colorectal carcinoma

A

Weight loss.

Change in bowel habits. Rectal bleeding. Persistent cramps. Feeling that your bowel doesn’t empty completely. Weakness

74
Q

Gastric cancer

A

Weight loss.

Fatigue, feeling bloated after eating, stomach pain, vomiting that is persistent.

75
Q

Liver carcinoma

A

Weight loss.

Loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, jaundice, white chalky stools.

76
Q

Lung carcinoma

A 
Weight loss.
Chronic cough (smoker’s cough), shortness of breath, coughing blood, chest pain, wheezing.
77
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Weight loss.

Abdominal pain or chest pain, Painful coughing, shortness of breath, unusual lumps of tissue under the skin.

78
Q

Oesophageal cancer

A

Weight loss.

Difficulty swallowing, chest pain, coughing or hoarseness.

79
Q

Pancreas carcinoma

A

Weight loss.

Abdominal pain, Jaundice, loss of appetite, depression, blood clots.

80
Q

Prostate carcinoma

A

Trouble urinating, blood in semen, discomfort in pelvic area, bone pain, erectile dysfunction.

81
Q

Renal and Urothelial carcinoma

A

Weight loss.

Blood in urine, back pain just below the ribs, fatigue, intermittent fever.

82
Q

Osteoporosis (Rheumatology)

A

Back pain caused by fractured or collapsed vertebra, loss of height, stooped posture, easy bone fractures

83
Q

Tinnitus

A

Phantom noises in ear (ringing, buzzing, clicking, etc.)

84
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Coughing for more than three weeks, coughing blood, chest pain, fatigue, fever, chills, loss of appetite

85
Q

Depression

A

Feeling sadness, loss of interest, angry outbursts, anxiety, sleep disturbances

86
Q

Premature menopause

A

Irregular or missing periods, heavier or lighter, hot flashes through upper body

87
Q

Spinal cord compression

A

Back pain, paralysis of limbs below the level of compression, and other things that are controlled by the spinal cord.

88
Q

Lumbago (mechanical lower back pain)

A

Acute pain after movement of the spine

89
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Extreme weight loss, Abnormal blood counts, fatigue, dizziness, hair thins/breaks/falls out, etc. (starvation symptoms).

90
Q

Hernia nucleus pulposus

A

Can range to no pain to severe and unrelenting neck or lower back pain.

91
Q

Torsio testis/testicular torsion

A

Pain in scrotum, swelling, abdominal pain, nausea.

92
Q

Varicocele

A

No significant signs or symptoms. Rarely pain.

93
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Pain in lower abdomen and pelvis. Heavy vaginal discharge with unpleasant odour, Irregular menstrual bleeding, pain during intercourse, fever, painful or difficult urination.

94
Q

Pick’s disease

A

Difficulty in language and thinking, dissociation from family, behavioural changes, anxiety etc.

95
Q

Renal insufficiency

A

Weakness, shortness of breath, lethargy, confusion, abnormal heart rhythms, sudden death.

96
Q

Hypertension

A

No real symptoms, even in blood pressure reaches dangerously high levels. Sometimes: headaches, dizziness, more nosebleeds.

General Medicine Symptoms (6 decks)

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