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General Medicine Symptoms > General Medicine basic quiz > Flashcards

General Medicine basic quiz Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which statement(s) is/are true?

I. The total lung capacity (TLC) and the vital capacity (VC) are equal to each other during maximal inspiration followed by maximal expiration.

II. The total lung capacity (TLC) is equal to the vital capacity (VC) plus residual volume.

A

Only statement II is true

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2
Q
  1. The vital capacity (VC) of a young man is approximately
A

4500 mL

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3
Q
  1. What is percussion and what is its function?
A

Percussion is tapping on the body and listen to reflected sound. It gives an indication of the amount of air in the body cavities.

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following signs on the X-ray would indicate the presence of a lung tumour?

o (a) A white spot the size of a coin.

o (b) Black spots all over the lung.

o (c) None of the above answers is correct.

o (d) Multiple light areas (opacities) in a lobe of the lung.

A

A

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5
Q
  1. An impaired immune system is a risk factor for
A

o (a) COPD.

o (b) the development of a lung tumour.

• (c) bacterial pneumonia.

o (d) pulmonary embolism.

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6
Q
  1. A respiratory unit consists of the
A

o (a) trachea, bronchi and bronchioli.

o (b) nose, sinuses, mouth, and larynx.

o (c) pleural membrane, pleural cavity and diaphragm.

• (d) terminal bronchiolus, alveolus and capillary network.

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7
Q
  1. Formation or presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is a typical problem of
A

o (a) liver cirrhosis.

o (b) pancreatitis.

o (c) hepatitis.

• (d) cholelitiasis.

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8
Q
  1. What is the correct order if you follow the gastrointestinal system from mouth to anus?

o (a) Stomach, pancreas, ileum, jejunum, caecum.

o (b) Stomach, pancreas, jejunum, ileum, caecum.

o (c) Caecum, stomach, pancreas, jejunum, ileum.

o (d) Caecum, stomach, pancreas, ileum, jejunum.

A

B

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9
Q
  1. Which of the symptoms below is related to the gastrointestinal tract?

o (a) Aphasia.

o (b) Paresthesia.

o (c) Dyspnoea.

o (d) Dysphagia.

A

D

Aphasia = any language disorder causes by brain damage

Paresthesia = sensation of tingling, tickling, pricking, or burning of a person’s skin

Dyspnoea = breathlessnes

Dysphagia = difficulty swallowing

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10
Q
  1. What is melaena and what does it indicate?
A

• (a) Abnormally dark faeces caused by an upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. (due to enzymes that react with hemoglobin)

o (b) Abnormally dark faeces, most likely caused by a lower gastro-intestinal bleeding. (should give bright red, fresh blood = hematochezia)

o (c) Yellow colour in the sclerae, which is a symptom of acute meningitis.

o (d) Yellow colour in the sclerae, which may indicate jaundice.

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11
Q
  1. Which functions belong to the liver?
A

• (a) The liver metabolizes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

o (b) The liver completes the digestion of nutrients.

o (c) The liver acidifies and hydrolyses protein to a mixture.

o (d) The liver secretes enzymes and hormones into the blood stream.

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following enzymes is not a liver enzyme?

o (a) Alanine transaminase or ALAT.

o (b) Aspartate transaminase or ASAT.

o (c) Creatine kinase or CK.

o (d) Alkaline phosphatase or ALP.

A

C

When kidneys are damaged, creatine is freed

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13
Q
  1. Which statement(s) is/are true?

I Pain and propriocepsis belong to the sensory input of the brain.

II Different parts of the body are projected on the sensory cortex.

A

Both statements are true. propioscepsis = position coordination of body

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following statements are true with regards to cranial nerves

A. There are 13 cranial nerves

B. Facial nerve supplies the sensation on the face

C. Trochlear nerve is responsible for hearing

D. Optic nerve damage leads to short sightedness

A

None are true

A. there are 12 cranial nerves

B. Facial nerve is a cranial nerve that controls facial expression

C. Trochlear is a cranial nerve responsible for eye movement

D. shortsightedness is caused by lens distortion or lensmuscle malfunction

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15
Q
  1. A CT-scan of the brain shows a dark grey hyperdense mass. Which neurological problem is most plausible?
A

o (a) Brain tumour.

• (b) Brain infarction.

o (c) Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA).

o (d) Acute bleeding.

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16
Q
  1. A CT-scan of the brain shows a white hyperdense mass. Which neurological problem is the most plausible?
A

o (a) Brain infarction.

o (b) Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA).

• (c) Acute bleeding.

o (d) Brain tumour.

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17
Q
  1. Which type of cells form part of the nervous system?

o (a) Glial cells and Schwann cells.

o (b) Neurons.

o (c) Connective tissue cells and blood vessel cells

o (d) All of the above answers are true.

A

D

Glial cells protect nerve cells, insulates them, provide nutrients, destroy pathogens, and removes dead nuerons.

Schwann cells are a type of glial cells

18
Q
  1. What is the Frank-Starling mechanism (also known as Starling’s law)?

o (a) The greater the volume of blood ejected by the heart during systolic contraction, the lower the diastolic blood pressure.

o (b) The greater the end-diastolic volume, the greater the volume of blood ejected by the heart into the aorta

o (c) The lower the systolic blood pressure, the greater the volume of blood ejected by the heart into the pulmonary trunk.

o (d) The higher the systolic blood pressure, the greater the volume of blood ejected by the heart to the brain.

A

B

blood pressure does not per se correlate to blood volume

systolic = upper blood pressure

diabolic = lower blood pressure

19
Q
  1. Which statement(s) is/are true?

I. The intrinsic regulation of the heart involves neural and hormonal control.

II. The Frank-Starling mechanism is involved in the extrinsic regulation of the heart.

A

None of the statements are true.

Frank-Starling is intrinsic, works from the inside

Hormones regulate heart as an external factor

20
Q
  1. What is the right order of an electrical stimulus through the heart?

o (a) Sinus node - His bundle - atrio ventricular node - Purkinje system.

o (b) Sinus node - atrio ventricular node - His bundle - Purkinje system.

o (c) Purkinje system - atrio ventricular node - sinus node - His bundle.

o (d) Purkinje system - sinus node - atrio ventricular node - His bundle.

A

B

21
Q
  1. Which statement about the circulatory system is true? In the systemic circulation the heart pumps

o (a) oxygenated blood from the heart to the body while the pulmonary circulation pumps oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs.

o (b) oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs while the pulmonary circulation pumps oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the body.

o (c) oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the body while the pulmonary circulation pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

o (d) oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs while the pulmonary circulation pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

A

A

22
Q
  1. Which valves are involved in the pulmonary circulation?

o (a) Only the pulmonary semilunar valves.

o (b) The pulmonary semilunar valves and the tricuspid valve.

o (c) The pulmonary semilunar valves and the bicuspid valve.

o (d) The pulmonary semilunar valves and the aortic semilunar valves.

A

B

tricuspid valve = right atrioventricular valve

bicuspid valve = left one (mitral valve)

23
Q
  1. Which statement(s) is/are true about the cardiac cycle?

I. Blood moves through the circulatory system from areas of lower to higher pressure.

II. The systolic blood pressure indicates when the heart contracts to pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the body.

A

Only statement II is true.

systolic bloodpressure is generated by the left chambers, pumping blood into the aorta and lungs.

24
Q
  1. What is the medical term for a heart rate larger than 100 beats per minute?
A

Tachycardia

25
Q
  1. What is medical terminology for an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ?

o (a) Aneurysm.

o (b) Dilation.

o (c) Stenosis.

o (d) Plaque.

A

C

Aneurysm = local blood-filled balloon-like structure in wall of blood vessel

Dilation = widening, in the broadest sense

Stenosis = coarctation, abnormal narrowing of blood vessels

Plaque = during atherosclerosis (a type of arteriosclerosis), plaque is build up on the artery walls

26
Q
  1. What is the medical term for an abnormally slow heart rhythm?
A

Bradycardia

27
Q
  1. Which statements are true regarding ECG

A. P-wave is reflecting atrial depolarisation.

B. QRS is representative of ventricular activity.

C. Prolonged QT interval can increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.

D. T-wave is a high amplitude deflection resulting from ventricular depolarisation.

A

A,B,C

28
Q
  1. Which statement(s) is/are true about cancer?

I. Benign tumours indicate local uncontrolled cell growth without invasion into surrounding tissues.

II. Oncogenes accelerate cell growth and division.

A

both statements are true

29
Q
  1. What is metastasis?
A

A secondary tumour which originates from a primary tumour.

30
Q
  1. Which genetic alterations in the tumour are not important in the occurrence and growth of all tumours?

o (a) Somatic mutations in oncogenes.

o (b) DNA-repair.

o (c) Somatic mutations in tumour suppressor genes.

o (d) Telomere shortening and cell senescence.

A

D

“… of all tumours”

31
Q
  1. What does the cancer classification of T3N1M1 indicate?
A

A large tumour (3 cm), positive lymph nodes, metastases in other organs.

T stands for tumor. It’s based on the size of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has grown into nearby tissues

N stands for node. It tells whether the cancer has spread to the nearby lymph nodes

M stands for metastasis. It tells whether the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body

32
Q
  1. PSA is a tumour marker for
A

Prostate cancer (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

33
Q
  1. Alpha-fetoprotein is a tumour marker for
A

Liver cancer

34
Q
  1. The kidneys ultrafiltrate 170-180 L of water per day. To which function of the kidneys does ultrafiltration belong?

o (a) Excretory function.

o (b) Metabolic function.

o (c) Regulatory function.

o (d) Endocrine function.

A

A.

A. …“does Ultrafiltration belong”, ultrafiltration is an excretory function

B. they do not metabolise

C. kidneys do regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure

D. kidneys do not secrete hormones, they can only filter them.

35
Q
  1. The glomerular filtration rate is influenced by…

o (a) The sympathic nervous system.

o (b) Hormones.

o (c) The autoregulatory system.

o (d) All of the aforementioned answers are correct.

A

D

36
Q
  1. Which solute is not completely reabsorbed in the kidneys?

o (a) Sodium.

o (b) Water.

o (c) Glucose.

o (d) Urea.

A

D

A. an electrolyte

D. Urea is a waste, as is ammonia

37
Q
  1. What is haematuria?
A

Blood in the urine.

38
Q
  1. Storage of sperm in the reproductive organs of the male takes place in the

o (a) epididymis.

o (b) seminal vesicles.

o (c) testis.

o (d) vas deferens.

A

D

Epididymis = tube that connects vas deferens to efferent ducts

Seminal vesicles = ducts posteroinferiror to bladder

Testis = one of the two packages

39
Q
  1. Where are the kidneys located in the body?

o (a) Close to the diaphragm on either side of the vertebral column.

o (b) Just above the pancreas.

o (c) In the lower abdomen on either side of the urinary bladder.

o (d) In the lower back, lumbar region L3 / L4.

A

A

A. Diaphragm = middenrif

B. Pancreas = posteroinferior of stomach (below and behind) (so too high)

C. This is too low

D. regions L3 and L4 are at the height of the navel, kidneys are somewhat higher

40
Q
  1. What does anuria mean?
A

o (a) Glucose in the urine. (glucosuria/glycosuria)

o (b) Protein in the urine. (proteinuria)

o (c) Increased production of urine. (polyuria)

• (d) Absence of urine production. (anuria)

General Medicine Symptoms (6 decks)

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