Symptoms Flashcards
Blindsight
Location damage – occipital lobe -> visual cortex
Symptoms –
* not consciously seeing visual stimuli, but having appropriate behavioral and physiological responses
Prosopagnosia
Location damage – occipital-temporal junction
Symptoms –
* inability to recognize the faces of familiar people
Split-Brain
Location damage – corpus callosum
Symptoms –
* when the left visual field is shown a spoon, the person can locate the spoon with their left hand, but cannot identify the object.
* when the right visual is shown a spoon, the person can locate the spoon with their right hand and identify the object.
Syndromes –
* the corpus callosum is severed in patients with seizures in an effort to stop/reduce seizures
Open Injury TBI
Location damage – varies
Symptoms –
* a penetrative injury to the brain resulting from a TBI
Closed Injury TBI
Location damage – varies
Symptoms –
* an internal injury to the brain resulting from a TBI
loss or alteration of consciousness that varies in severity
* when consciousness returns, a combination of emotional, cognitive, behavioral, & physical symptoms can occur
Cognitive Symptoms TBI
Location damage – varies
Symptoms –
* associated with closed TBI injuries
* anterograde amnesia; used to determine TBI severity & good predictor of recovery from other symptoms
* retrograde amnesia; recent long-term memory more effected, when memories return, distant past memories are recovered first
Post-Traumatic Epilepsy
(PTE)
Location damage – varies
Symptoms –
* occurs more than week after a TBI, more difficult to treat than PTS
* when medication is ineffective, vagus nervous stimulation, responsive neurostimulation, or surgery are explored
Syndrome –
* TBI
Post-Traumatic Seizures
(PTS)
Location damage – varies
Symptoms –
* occurs within one week after a TBI
* treated with anti-seizure medication
Syndrome –
* TBI
Ataxia
Location damage – cerebellum
Symptoms –
* impaired balance, coordination, lack of muscle control
* slurred speech
* blurred or double-vision, jerky eye movements
Achromatopsia
Location damage – occipital lobe -> visual cortex
Symptoms –
* loss of color vision
Syndromes –
* visual agnosia
Anomia
Location damage – frontal lobe -> Broca’s area + temporal lobe -> Wernicke’s area
Symptoms –
* inability to recall names of familiar objects or known words
Syndromes –
* Broca’s aphasia (expressive aphasia)
* Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive aphasia)
Agnosia
Location damage – varies
Symptoms –
* inability to interpret sensations
* inability to recognize things
Aphasia
Location damage – varies
Symptoms –
* inability to understand or express speech
Syndromes –
* TBI
* Broca’s area
* Wernicke’s area
Agraphia
Location damage – parietal lobe left hemisphere
Symptoms –
* impaired writing skills
Syndromes –
* Gerstmann’s
Acalculia
Location damage – parietal lobe left hemisphere
Symptoms –
* loss of math skills
Syndromes –
* Gerstmann’s
Aprosodia
Location damage – parietal lobe left hemisphere
Symptoms –
* inability to express or understand speech
Syndromes –
* TBI
* stroke
* progressive neurologic disease
Somatosensory Agnosia
Location damage – parietal lobe
Symptoms –
* tactile agnosia (inability to recognize objects by touch)
* asomatognosia (lack of interest or recognition of one or more parts of one’s own body)
* anosognosia (denial of one’s own illness/disability)
Anosognosia
Location damage – parietal lobe
Symptoms –
* denial of one’s own illness/disability
Asomatognosia
Location damage – parietal lobe
Symptoms –
* lack of interest or recognition of one or more parts of one’s own body
Tactile Agnosia
Location damage – parietal lobe
Symptoms –
* inability to recognize objects by touch
Contralateral Neglect
Location damage – parietal lobe right hemisphere
Symptoms –
* inattention to one side of the body and visual field
Gerstmann’s Syndrome
Location damage – parietal lobe left hemisphere
Symptoms –
* finger agnosia (inability to recognize or identify the various fingers)
* right-left disorientation
* agraphia (impaired writing skills)
* acalculia (loss of math skills)
Dysexecutive Syndrome
Location damage – dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Symptoms –
* impaired attention, working memory, judgement, & abstract thinking
Disinhibited Syndrome
Location damage – orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex
Symptoms –
* distractibility
* emotion lability + inappropriate euphoria
* acquired sociopathy (risky behavior, need for persistent instant gratification, & lack of empathy & insight)
Apathetic-Akinetic Syndrome
Location damage – mediofrontal prefrontal cortex
Symptoms –
* decreased motor behaviors + verbal output
* lack of motivation + goal-directed activity
* apathy + indifference
Perseveration
Location damage – dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Symptoms –
* getting stuck on a topic + repeating ideas that don’t fit the situation
Cerebrovascular Accident
CVA
stroke
Function – stroke; sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain; ischemic stroke & hemorrhage stroke.
Location – varies
Risk factors –
* heart disease, hardening arteries
* obesity, diabetes
* heavy alcohol use, cig smoking
* older age, male sex, African American race
* family history of strokes
Ischemic Stroke
Function – cerebral artery blood clot; most common stroke type
Location – varies
Damage –
* thrombotic if the clot started in the brain artery
* embolic if the clot started in elsewhere & traveled to the brain
* transient if blockage is less than 5min; warning sign of a severe stroke
Hemorrhage Stroke
Function – ruptured cerebral artery
Location – middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, & posterior cerebral artery
Damage –
* intracerebral if ruptured within the brain
* subarachnoid if ruptured between the brain & membrane
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Function – ruptured cerebral artery
Location – supplies blood to the temporal & occipital lobes
Symptoms –
* memory deficits, unilateral cortical blindness, visual impairments, color agnosia, hemianopsia (blindness in over half the field of vision)
Middle Cerebral Artery
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Function – ruptured cerebral artery
Location – supplies blood to the frontal & lateral temporal & parietal lobes
Symptoms –
* contralateral sensory loss/weakness/paralysis in arm & face
* contralateral neglect
* impaired vision
* aphasia (inability to understand/express speech)
* apraxia with left hemisphere damage (fine movement deficit)
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Function – ruptured cerebral artery
Location – supplies blood to the frontal & parietal lobes
Symptoms –
* contralateral sensory loss/weakness/paralysis in leg
* impaired insight + attention
* mutism
* confusion + apathy
