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FOCUSED 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Taylor’s Scientific Method believes workers are motivated by __

A

economic gains

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2
Q

according to Taylor’s Scientific Method, __ studies show how a job should be done to maximize productivity

A

time-&-motion studies

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3
Q

__ system gives those who are more efficient more money

A

piece-rate system

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4
Q

Weber’s Bureaucracy ensures operations are __ & __

A

orderly & efficient

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5
Q

__ includes division of __, well-defined hierarchy of __, formal rules/procedures, employment decisions based on __

A

Weber’s Bureaucracy; labor; authority; competence/merit

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6
Q

__ Decisions: repetitive, routine decision on governing procedures made by lower-level personnel (hiring, ordering, billing).

A

Programmed

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7
Q

___ Decisions are non-repetitive & complex, from upper-level employees

A

Nonprogrammed

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8
Q

__ Model decision-makers choose the optimal alternative after identifying & evaluating all possible alternatives.

A

Rational

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9
Q

Bounded Rationality Model includes ___ instead of optimizing

A

satisficing

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10
Q

___ Model states decision-making is limited by org & ind. factors (limited time, access to info, cog abilities of the decision-maker)

A

Bounded Rationality

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11
Q

___ Model states the org decisions are made by many & small incremental choices made in response to short-term conditions

A

Organizational Process Model

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12
Q

Hull’s Drive-Reduction Theories assumes
1. humans are motivated to maintain __
2. __ cause disequilibrium
3. behavior reinforced by __ will likely be repeated when the need arises

A
  1. humans are motivated to maintain homeostasis/equilibrium.
  2. unfulfilled innate physiological needs cause disequilibrium
  3. behavior that is reinforced by satisfying a need will likely be repeated when the need arises.
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13
Q

__ Factors (pay, benefits, working conditions) are job __ factors & fulfill __-order needs; when not met a worker is __; fulfillment of these factors __ (does/doesn’t) lead to satisfaction or motivation.

A

Hygiene; context; lower; doesn’t

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14
Q

___ Factors (responsibility, challenge, advancement) are job __ factors & fulfill __-order needs; when met a worker is satisfied & motivated; when not met there is no dissatisfaction.

A

Motivator; content; higher

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15
Q

five core job characteristics: __ variety, __ identity, task significance, __, & __

A

skill variety; task identity; autonomy; feedback

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16
Q

when a job provides skill variety, task identity, & task significance, workers see the job as __.

A

meaningful

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17
Q

when a job provides autonomy, workers feel responsible for __

A

outcomes

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18
Q

when a job provides __ workers have results of their efforts.

A

regular feedback

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19
Q

workers w/ high __ (seek to fulfill higher-order needs) are more likely to be positively affected by a job that provides the five core characteristics

A

growth-need strength

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20
Q

Goal acceptance & commitment are maximized when goals are __

A

specific & moderately difficult

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21
Q

__ (performance) identifies employee behaviors associated w/ exceptionally poor or exceptionally good performance

A

Critical incident

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22
Q

absolute rating scales: require the rater to evaluate an employee w/o considering __ performance

A

other employee

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23
Q

Multisystemic Therapy, first treatment principle of Do-Loop

A

find fit between specific problem & broad systemic context

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24
Q

NCD w. Lewy Bodies: early cog symp. are deficits in complex __, __ hallucinations, & __ functions

A

attention; visuospatial; executive

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25
Q

Multidimensional Family Therapy is for families of children __ - __y/o w/ __ disorder & __ disorder

A

11 -21y/o; substance use disorder; conduct disorder

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26
Q
  • Extended Family Therapy was originally made for __
  • Functional Family Therapy was originally made for __
  • Conjoint Family Therapy is also known as __
  • Emotionally Focus Therapy was originally made for __
  • Multidimensional Family Therapy was originally made for __
  • Multisystemic Therapy was originally made for __
A
  • schizophrenia;
  • externalizec behavior/conduct disorder;
  • the human validation process;
  • distressed couples;
  • conduct disorder & substance use;
  • teen-offenders (conduct disorder)
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27
Q

__ Therapy is also known as choice theory

A

Reality Therapy

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28
Q

__ (therapy) emphasizes using the scientific method to to evaluate its theories, concepts, & interventions

A

Positive Psychology

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29
Q

a balance of __ & __ is needed to engage w/ flow in Positive Psychology

A

skill & challenge

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30
Q

Rosenthal Effect, also know as the Pygmalion Effect, suggests expectations of high __ results in improved __

A

performance; performance

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31
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

tendency in some individuals to alter their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed

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32
Q

Jung’s __ were understood as __ images passed down from our ancestors and link to Lamarck’s beliefs

A

archetypes; primordial

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33
Q

Sullivan’s __ distortions occur in all interpersonal relationships & involves __

A

parataxic distortions; skewing perceptions of others based on fantasy/previous experience

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34
Q

perceiving others based on previous experiences & not that person’s attributes describe’s __ distortions

A

parataxic distortions

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35
Q

Boyd Franklin created the __ Model for African American families

A

Multisystems Model

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36
Q

Multisystems Model Axis I includes a treatment process of __, __, & __

A

joining, assessing, restructuring

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37
Q

Multisystems Model Axis II includes various levels at which __ can be applied

A

treatment

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38
Q

__ is a paradoxical technique that exaggerates a client’s concerns in order to help them recognize it’s absurdity

A

positioning

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39
Q
  • Microsystem: child’s ___ environment
  • Mesosystem: interaction between ___ elements (parents’ relationship w/ teachers)
  • Exosystem: environmental elements affecting ___ environment (parents’ workplace, extended family, community health services)
  • Macrosystem: __ + __ environment (politics, religion, economy)
  • Chronosystem: events over __
A
  • Microsystem: child’s immediate environment (parents, siblings, friends, others)
  • Mesosystem: interaction between microsystemic elements (parents’ relationship w/ teachers)
  • Exosystem: environmental elements affecting immediate environment (parents’ workplace, extended family, community health services)
  • Macrosystem: social + cultural environment (politics, religion, economy)
  • Chronosystem: environmental events over lifespan that impacts development + circumstances (divorced parents, birth of sibling, natural disaster)
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40
Q

__ intelligence declines at 30 to 40 years old while __ intelligence continues to increase & peaks at 60 to 70 years old

A

fluid; crystallized

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41
Q

__ gender & __ age are at the greatest risk for tardive dyskinesia

A

female; older

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42
Q

hyper-sexuality is more common for ADHD juveniles or bipolar juveniles?

A

bipolar

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43
Q

frame-of-reference training focuses on the multidimensional nature of the __ & the different levels of employee __

A

job; performance

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44
Q

standard error magnitude decreases as the __ decreases & __ increases

A

population SD; sample size

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45
Q

behavioral contrast involves

A

when two behaviors are reinforced & one behavior stops being reinforced, the behavior being reinforced increases while the other behavior decreases.

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46
Q

persuasion research shows that a source’s credibility is most affected by __ & __

A

expertise & trustworthiness

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47
Q

in recall research, after a brief delay one will recall words best from the __ of the list & when recalled immediately will recall words best from the __ of the list.

A

beginning; beginning & end

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48
Q

the system responsible for integrating information from several sources to create a unified memory is called

A

episodic buffer

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49
Q

a store in working memory that serves to temporarily hold verbal information is called

A

phonological loop

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50
Q

Holland’s Strong Interest Inventory includes which six occupational themes

A

artistic, social, enterprising, investigative, realistic, conventional

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51
Q

Steiner’s group performance task types include __

A
  • additive task
  • compensatory task
  • disjunctive task
  • conjunctive task
  • discrentionary task
52
Q

__ task is the sum of group member contributions w/o having to work together

A

additive task

53
Q

group performance is better than the best group member’s individual performance for __ tasks

A

additive tasks

54
Q

__ task is when the group’s output is the average of each member’s estimate, judgment, & other input

A

compensatory task

55
Q

on a compensatory task, group members work __

A

independently

56
Q

group performance is usually better than the performance of any individual member for __ tasks

A

compensatory tasks

57
Q

__ task requires group members to choose the best solution, decision, or judgement from those provided by each group member

A

disjunctive task

58
Q

for disjunctive tasks, the suggestion from the most __ member is usually the chosen solution, decision, or judgement

A

competent member

59
Q

group performance is equal to or lesser than the performance of the best group member for __ tasks

A

disjunctive tasks

60
Q

__ task requires all group members to contribute to a task

A

conjunctive task

61
Q

performance of the entire group is limited by the contribution of the least capable member for __ tasks

A

conjunctive tasks

62
Q

a group’s ability to meet a deadline is a type of __ task & is limited by the contribution of the __ __ member

A

conjunctive; least capable member

63
Q

__ task requires group members to decide how to combine each member’s contributions

A

discretionary task

64
Q

group performance depends on how the contributions of each group member are combined for __ tasks

A

discretionary tasks

65
Q

comparable worth establishes pay equivalencies for __ jobs performed by men or women

A

different jobs

66
Q

diagnostic overshadowing includes __ (demographic)

A

race/ethnicity

67
Q

Ohio State University found that leaders can be described in two __ dimensions

A

independent

68
Q

Ohio State University leadership dimension of high __ describes a task-oriented leader who focuses on performance goals

A

initiating structure

69
Q

Ohio State University leadership dimension of high __ describes a person-oriented leader who focuses on fostering trust & respect of subordinates

A

consideration

70
Q

Vineland-3 is most useful for confirming a dx of __ in ppl aged __

A

intellectual disability; 6y/o

71
Q

earliest age a baby can survive outside the womb is __ weeks

72
Q

Berscheid’s emotion-in-relationships model states that strong emotions occur less often in the __ stages of an intimate relationship

73
Q

Berscheid’s emotion-in-relationships model is based on __ behavior

74
Q

self-report personality tests are most useful for __ that are followed by __

A

initial screening; structured interview

75
Q

Solomon four-group design evaluates effects of __ on a study’s internal & external validity

76
Q

antisocial & histrionic personality disorders share which common traits?

A
  • impulsivity
  • manipulativeness
  • seductiveness
  • superficiality
77
Q

psychologists must explain any research deception at a time that’s __ but no later than __ & must allow participants to __ at any time

A

as soon as feasibly possible; the conclusion of the study; withdraw their data

78
Q

__ justice refers to the fairness of the distribution of resources & other outcomes

A

distributive justice

79
Q

__ justice refers to the fairness of the procedures used to determine outcomes

A

procedural justice

80
Q

__ justice refers to the fairness of the way outcomes are communicated to workers

A

interactional justice

81
Q

interactional justice is divided into __ (how people are treated) & __ (how information is explained)

A

interpersonal; informational

82
Q

Davidson & Parker deteremined that __ explained the effectiveness of EMDR

A

exposure in imagination

83
Q

those in the precontemplation & comtemplation stage benefit from __, __, & __

A

counsciousness raising, dramatic relief, & environmental manipulation

84
Q

self-evaluation is helpful in transitioning from __ to the __ stage in the transtheoretical model

A

contemplation stage to the preparation stage

85
Q

self-liberation is helpful intransitioning from __ to the __ stage in the transtheoretical model

A

preparation stage to the action stage

86
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Carbamazepine/Tegretol
Valproic Acid/Depakene

A

anticonvulsants

87
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Amitriptyline/Elavil
Clomipramine/Anafranil
Impramine/Tofranil
Doxepin/Sinequan

A

TCAs tertiary

88
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Desipramine/Norpramin
Nortriptyline/Pamelor

A

TCAs secondary

89
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Phenelzine/Nordi
Isocarboxazid/Marplan
Tranylcypromine/Parnate

90
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Venlafaxine/Effexor
Desvenlafaxine/Pristiq
Duloxetine/Cymbalta

91
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Sertraline/Zoloft
Paroxetine/Paxil
Citalopram/Celexa

92
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Clozapine/Clozaril
Olanzapine/Zyprexa
Aripiprazole/Abilify

93
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Thioridazine/Mellaril
Chlorpromazine/Thorazine
Fluphenazine/ Piloxin

94
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Lorazepam
Alprazolam
Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepines

95
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Ativan
Xanax
Valium

A

Benzodiazepines

96
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Thiopental
Amobarbital
Secobarbital

A

Barbiturates

97
Q

these are which category of drugs?

[show Madi the card]
Pentothal
Amytal
Seconal

A

Barbiturates

98
Q

Natural Opioids include __

A

opium, morphine, heroin, codeine

99
Q

Synthetic/Semi-synthetic Opioids include __

A

methadone, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl

100
Q

negligence __ (is/not) a required condition for a malpractice claim

A

is not required

101
Q

Parent Management Training Oregon Model is for parents who use aggressive punishment for antisocial behavior & teaches __

A

effective parenting strategies

102
Q

(sexual orientation) __ men & women have highest rates of mental health utilization

103
Q

Bupropion/Wellbutrin is a __ drug category

104
Q

after divorce, women experience chronic __ & men experience transient __

A

economic problems; health problems

105
Q

law of attraction states we are attracted to those who give us more __ than __

A

more reinforcement than punishment

106
Q

law of attraction states there is a positive relationship between __ & __

A

similar attitudes & attraction

107
Q

bounded rationality model states decision making is bound by __, __, & __ leading to __ rather than __

A

time constraints, insufficient information, & cognitive limitations; satisficing; optimatizing

108
Q

morpheme is the smallest unit of __ while phoneme is the smallest unit of __

A

meaning; sound
hint: morpheme = meaning

109
Q

expectancy is about __, instrumentality is about __, & valance is about __

A

performance; outcomes; value

110
Q

Marcia’s identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, & achievement are about __ & __

A

crisis & choice

111
Q

twin studies show that shared factors influence __ until __ (age), while nonshared factors are stable throughout __

A

intelligence; adolescence; lifespan

112
Q

Dawis & Lofquist theory of work adjustment includes __ & __

A

satisfaction & satisfactoriness

113
Q

employee satisfaction is about __ & __ while employee satisfactoriness is about __ & __

A

needs & reinforcers; skills & skill requirements

114
Q

superordinate goals can turn __ into __

A

enemies into friends

115
Q

__ is the best predictor of leader effectiveness, while __ is the second best predictor, & __ is the best predictor of job performance

A

extraversion; conscientiousness; conscientiousness

116
Q

Position Analysis Questionnaire is a __ worker-oriented questionnaire that compares __ for different jobs

A

structured; worker activities

117
Q

increasing alpha increase the probability of making a __ & increases __

A

Type I error; power

118
Q

biserial correlation is a __ dichotomy while point biserial correlation is a __ dichotomy

A

artifical; true
hint: biserial -> cereal -> artifical;
point biserial -> proof -> true

119
Q

68% confidence interval is +/- times __ standard error of estimate or measurement

A

1 standard error of estimate or measurement

120
Q

95% confidence interval is +/- times __ standard error of estimate or measurement

A

2 standard error of estimate or measurement

121
Q

99% confidence interval is +/- times __ standard error of estimate or measurement

A

3 standard error of estimate or measurement

122
Q

a high value of monotrait-monomethod establishes __

A

reliability
hint: monotriat-monomethod -> same same -> reliable

123
Q

a high value of monotrait-heteromethod establishes __

A

convergent validity

124
Q

a low value of heterotrait-heteromethod establishes __

A

divergent validity

125
Q

a low value of heterotrait-monomethod establishes __

A

divergent validity

126
Q

factor analysis is used to evaluate __

A

construct validity

127
Q

orthogonal is __ while oblique is __

A

uncorrelated; correlated
hint: orthogonal -> orthadontatist (crooked [not straight] teeth)

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