Symlathomimetics Flashcards
Direct stimulators
Adrenaline (alpha + beta) - tachycardia
Noradrenaline (alpha + weak beta 1) - IV infusion -reflex bradycardia
Phenylephrine
Isoprenaline
Dopamine (dopaminergic + beta 1 + alpha) -
Indirect
Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Tyramine
Dual
Ephedrine
Mephantramine
CNS stimulants
*pass bbb
Ephedrine(dual) (alpha + beta(kind of weak so no reversal)) - diffuses in eye
Amphetamine (alpha + beta)
Methamphetamine
Anorexigenics
Phen - metrazine
Fen - fluramine
Mazhindol
Amphetamine 🙂
Nasal decongestants-zoline (alpha)
*drops, spray, orally
New
Naphazoline
Tetrahydrazoline
Xylometazoline
-Pheynlpropranolamine
Old
Phenylephrine
*pseudoephedrine
Vaso Ds and uterine relaxants
(Tocolytic beta 2 agonists
Nylidrine
Isoxasuprine
Ritodrine
Vasopressors “m”s
Phenylephrine - passes bbb but no cns action and selective alpha 1 agonist
Methoxamine
Mephentramine
Metaraminol
Midodrine
Selective agonist of B3 is
Octopamine
Treatment of anxiety and insomnia from ephedrine stimulation of cortex and reticular formation
Phenobarbitone
Prodrug (than adrenaline)
Dipivefrine as a decongestants for nose and eye
Is there effect of noradrenaline on skeletal muscle
Noi
Just eye, GIT and urinary, glands, systemic metabolism and CNS
NA plus atropine plus alpha blockers plus ganglion blocker
Tachycardia
Synthetics
Isoprenaline (beta only) IV and sublingual plus inhalation but also not oral(as is a catcho)
Smooth muscles 1-BUUGI
Dobutamin (selective beta weak alpha) IV like Dopamine with ECG monitoring and stopping gradually plus BP and urine output
D1 blocker is
Haloperidol
B1 blockers is
Propranolol
A1 blocker is
Phentolamine
Fenoldopam under dopamine
D1 agonist
Decreases PR in arterioles plus IV in emergency
Half life 5 minutes
*Dopamine half life is 2 minutes q
Ephedrine effect on MOA
Not destroyed and may inhibit the enzyme
So not contraindicated with MAO inhibitors
Ephedrine is similar to adrenaline in pharmacodynamic but
Weaker, delayed onset and longer duration
Mixed action plus bbb
Tachyphylaxis
You can take it as eye drops cause it dissolves
Antiallergic drugs
Adrenaline
Ephedrine
Taken orally with neostigmine for a long duration in myasthenia gravis
Ephedrine
Tyramine the I directly acting sympathomimetic is
Present in cheese and yoghurt
Metabolised by Mao (something hypertensive crisis with inhibitors treated with alpha blockers)
Depleted by reserpine
Tolerance Tachyphylaxis and addiction
Amphetamine (marked cns stimulation)
Ephedrine doesn’t cause addiction
As a CNS stimulant, be taken
SC, IM and orally(effective)
But amphetaminle is not given in the.late afternoon
Amphetamine derivative for narcolepsy
Modafinil
Methylphenydate
ADHD amphetamine derivative
Dysmenorrhoea
Contraction ring
Premature labour
Threatened abortion
Uterine relaxants(tocolytics)
Adr effect on Sex organs
Relaxes pregnant uterus and causes erection
What are the two main categories of B2-agonists used in asthma treatment?
- Short Acting Selective B-Agonists (SABA)
- Long Acting Selective B-Agonists (LABA)
SABAs are typically used for quick relief, while LABAs are used for long-term control.
What is Vilanterol classified as?
Long Acting Selective B-Agonist (LABA)
Vilanterol is used in combination with other medications for asthma treatment.
Fill in the blank: _______ is used in combination with corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma.
Vilanterol
This combination helps to enhance the efficacy of treatment.
List three examples of Long Acting Selective B-Agonists (LABA).
- Formoterol
- Salmeterol
- Indicaterol
LABAs help maintain open airways for an extended period.
What medication is also known as Metaproterenol?
Alupent
Metaproterenol is a SABA used for asthma relief.
What is the role of corticosteroids in asthma treatment?
Used in combination with B2-agonists
Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation in the airways.
Name two other SABA medications.
- Terbutaline
- Fenoterol
These medications are used for quick relief of asthma symptoms.
Bambuterol
Olandaterol
Feneterol
LABA
Catechol- Adr
Alkaloid from suprarenal 80%
CNS gives from tyrosine
IV fatal because VF
SC and oral is slow because VC
Intracardiac in resuscitation
Locally on the eye VC without diffusion (Lowe’s)
Inhalation in bronchial asthma
Used as an antiallergic in cases of angioneurotic edema urticaria and anaphylactic shock
Adrenaline
Adr not useful in angina
Increases cardiac work (B1)
But decongestant because of alpha mm VC
Narrow pulse range in
Nor adrenaline more than adrenaline as both Systolic and diastolic are increased (PR)
Glands in sympathetic stimulation
Thick visid secretion
Therapeutic uses of Noradrenaline
Acute hypotensive state: SSS
Sympathectomy
Spinal anasthesia
Shock
Side effects of exaggerated alpha and beta stimulation of nor adrenaline
Because GB MAOI and sympathectomy
ITI :
Irritability Tremors Insomnia
Also stop infusion gradually
Nor adrenaline
Therapeutic uses of isoprenaline
Heart block but not that much
Bronchial asthma but not that much
IV infusion
*taking and stopping gradually
Nor adrenaline
Dobutamine
Dopamine(2 - 3, 5 - 8, 10 - 12)
Therapeutic uses of Dopamine and Dobutamine
Shock and HF
Prenalterol
Like dobutamine but not a catecho
Non catechos
Absorbed everywhere
BBB
Slow onset
Long duration
Not destroyed by MAO
Diffusion in the eye occurs with
Ephedrine
CNS stimulant
Ephedrine- stimulates Respiratory and cmvasomotor center and stimulates reticular formation plus cerebral cortex *phenobarbitone treatment
Isoprenaline- mildly causing Tremors
Ephedrine toxicity
CNS
Urine retention in males with enlarged prostate
Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis because dual
Same contraindications as adrenaline but with old prostatic patients as well
Amphetamine
Small dose 5 - Alertness, euphoria, delayed metal fatigue which causes addiction but then fatigue and depression
Moderate 5 to 10 - Anxiety and Tremors
High >15 schizophrenia hyperpyrexia plus convulsion
PAAAS (amphetamine)
Psychic
Analgesic
Anorexigenic
Analeptic
Spinal
Decreases acquity of smell and taste
Amphetamine
*Not given jn the late afternoon around 3PM
Therapeutic uses of amphetamine
Narcolepsy - Modafinil
Some appetite suppressing effect but not for long term weight control
ADHD - low methylphenidate
Contraindications same as adrenaline plus patients with CNS symptoms (insomnia, anxiety, schizophrenia and anorexia)
Severe hypertension with MAOI like Tyramine
Amphetamine
Alpha stimulants
Noradrenaline IV
Ephedrine IM
Phenylephrine
Midodrine orally
Phenylephrine
Synthetic sympathomimetic non catechol with their oral absorption and passing bbb(no effect)
Systemic metabolism like NA which is like Adrenaline minus effect on potassium and maybe factor something activation
Weaker than NA but longer duration
Phenylephrine
*Prolonged action of anaestheyics
Nasal decongestants
Sinusitis, rhinitis, common cold
ND Side effects
Rebound congestion after stoppage
Contraindicated in angina and hypertension
Oil Inhaled- lipoid pneumonia
Cilia atrophy and loss of smell in long use
Drowsiness
VD sympathomimetics and uterine relaxants
VD - PVD treatment e.g isoxuprine
UR:
Dysmenorrhoea
Contraction ring
Abortion to delay
Threatened abortion
Salma Fought Bambi Fein In Ola’s Vila
Salmeterol
Formoterol
Bambuterol
Feneterol
Indicaterol
Olandeterol
Vilanterol