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Symlathomimetics Flashcards

1
Q

Direct stimulators

A

Adrenaline (alpha + beta) - tachycardia
Noradrenaline (alpha + weak beta 1) - IV infusion -reflex bradycardia
Phenylephrine
Isoprenaline
Dopamine (dopaminergic + beta 1 + alpha) -

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2
Q

Indirect

A

Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Tyramine

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3
Q

Dual

A

Ephedrine
Mephantramine

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4
Q

CNS stimulants
*pass bbb

A

Ephedrine(dual) (alpha + beta(kind of weak so no reversal)) - diffuses in eye
Amphetamine (alpha + beta)
Methamphetamine

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5
Q

Anorexigenics

A

Phen - metrazine
Fen - fluramine
Mazhindol
Amphetamine 🙂

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6
Q

Nasal decongestants-zoline (alpha)
*drops, spray, orally

A

New
Naphazoline
Tetrahydrazoline
Xylometazoline
-Pheynlpropranolamine
Old
Phenylephrine
*pseudoephedrine

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7
Q

Vaso Ds and uterine relaxants
(Tocolytic beta 2 agonists

A

Nylidrine
Isoxasuprine
Ritodrine

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8
Q

Vasopressors “m”s

A

Phenylephrine - passes bbb but no cns action and selective alpha 1 agonist
Methoxamine
Mephentramine
Metaraminol
Midodrine

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9
Q

Selective agonist of B3 is

A

Octopamine

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10
Q

Treatment of anxiety and insomnia from ephedrine stimulation of cortex and reticular formation

A

Phenobarbitone

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11
Q

Prodrug (than adrenaline)

A

Dipivefrine as a decongestants for nose and eye

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12
Q

Is there effect of noradrenaline on skeletal muscle

A

Noi
Just eye, GIT and urinary, glands, systemic metabolism and CNS

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13
Q

NA plus atropine plus alpha blockers plus ganglion blocker

A

Tachycardia

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14
Q

Synthetics

A

Isoprenaline (beta only) IV and sublingual plus inhalation but also not oral(as is a catcho)
Smooth muscles 1-BUUGI
Dobutamin (selective beta weak alpha) IV like Dopamine with ECG monitoring and stopping gradually plus BP and urine output

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15
Q

D1 blocker is

A

Haloperidol

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16
Q

B1 blockers is

A

Propranolol

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17
Q

A1 blocker is

A

Phentolamine

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18
Q

Fenoldopam under dopamine

A

D1 agonist
Decreases PR in arterioles plus IV in emergency
Half life 5 minutes
*Dopamine half life is 2 minutes q

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19
Q

Ephedrine effect on MOA

A

Not destroyed and may inhibit the enzyme
So not contraindicated with MAO inhibitors

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20
Q

Ephedrine is similar to adrenaline in pharmacodynamic but

A

Weaker, delayed onset and longer duration
Mixed action plus bbb
Tachyphylaxis
You can take it as eye drops cause it dissolves

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21
Q

Antiallergic drugs

A

Adrenaline
Ephedrine

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22
Q

Taken orally with neostigmine for a long duration in myasthenia gravis

A

Ephedrine

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23
Q

Tyramine the I directly acting sympathomimetic is

A

Present in cheese and yoghurt
Metabolised by Mao (something hypertensive crisis with inhibitors treated with alpha blockers)
Depleted by reserpine

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24
Q

Tolerance Tachyphylaxis and addiction

A

Amphetamine (marked cns stimulation)
Ephedrine doesn’t cause addiction

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25
Q

As a CNS stimulant, be taken

A

SC, IM and orally(effective)
But amphetaminle is not given in the.late afternoon

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26
Q

Amphetamine derivative for narcolepsy

A

Modafinil

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27
Q

Methylphenydate

A

ADHD amphetamine derivative

28
Q

Dysmenorrhoea
Contraction ring
Premature labour
Threatened abortion

A

Uterine relaxants(tocolytics)

29
Q

Adr effect on Sex organs

A

Relaxes pregnant uterus and causes erection

30
Q

What are the two main categories of B2-agonists used in asthma treatment?

A
  • Short Acting Selective B-Agonists (SABA)
  • Long Acting Selective B-Agonists (LABA)

SABAs are typically used for quick relief, while LABAs are used for long-term control.

31
Q

What is Vilanterol classified as?

A

Long Acting Selective B-Agonist (LABA)

Vilanterol is used in combination with other medications for asthma treatment.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is used in combination with corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma.

A

Vilanterol

This combination helps to enhance the efficacy of treatment.

33
Q

List three examples of Long Acting Selective B-Agonists (LABA).

A
  • Formoterol
  • Salmeterol
  • Indicaterol

LABAs help maintain open airways for an extended period.

34
Q

What medication is also known as Metaproterenol?

A

Alupent

Metaproterenol is a SABA used for asthma relief.

35
Q

What is the role of corticosteroids in asthma treatment?

A

Used in combination with B2-agonists

Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation in the airways.

36
Q

Name two other SABA medications.

A
  • Terbutaline
  • Fenoterol

These medications are used for quick relief of asthma symptoms.

37
Q

Bambuterol
Olandaterol
Feneterol

38
Q

Catechol- Adr

A

Alkaloid from suprarenal 80%
CNS gives from tyrosine
IV fatal because VF
SC and oral is slow because VC
Intracardiac in resuscitation
Locally on the eye VC without diffusion (Lowe’s)
Inhalation in bronchial asthma

39
Q

Used as an antiallergic in cases of angioneurotic edema urticaria and anaphylactic shock

A

Adrenaline

40
Q

Adr not useful in angina

A

Increases cardiac work (B1)
But decongestant because of alpha mm VC

41
Q

Narrow pulse range in

A

Nor adrenaline more than adrenaline as both Systolic and diastolic are increased (PR)

42
Q

Glands in sympathetic stimulation

A

Thick visid secretion

43
Q

Therapeutic uses of Noradrenaline

A

Acute hypotensive state: SSS
Sympathectomy
Spinal anasthesia
Shock

44
Q

Side effects of exaggerated alpha and beta stimulation of nor adrenaline

A

Because GB MAOI and sympathectomy
ITI :
Irritability Tremors Insomnia

45
Q

Also stop infusion gradually

A

Nor adrenaline

46
Q

Therapeutic uses of isoprenaline

A

Heart block but not that much
Bronchial asthma but not that much

47
Q

IV infusion
*taking and stopping gradually

A

Nor adrenaline
Dobutamine
Dopamine(2 - 3, 5 - 8, 10 - 12)

48
Q

Therapeutic uses of Dopamine and Dobutamine

A

Shock and HF

49
Q

Prenalterol

A

Like dobutamine but not a catecho

50
Q

Non catechos

A

Absorbed everywhere
BBB
Slow onset
Long duration
Not destroyed by MAO

51
Q

Diffusion in the eye occurs with

52
Q

CNS stimulant

A

Ephedrine- stimulates Respiratory and cmvasomotor center and stimulates reticular formation plus cerebral cortex *phenobarbitone treatment
Isoprenaline- mildly causing Tremors

53
Q

Ephedrine toxicity

A

CNS
Urine retention in males with enlarged prostate
Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis because dual
Same contraindications as adrenaline but with old prostatic patients as well

54
Q

Amphetamine

A

Small dose 5 - Alertness, euphoria, delayed metal fatigue which causes addiction but then fatigue and depression
Moderate 5 to 10 - Anxiety and Tremors
High >15 schizophrenia hyperpyrexia plus convulsion

55
Q

PAAAS (amphetamine)

A

Psychic
Analgesic
Anorexigenic
Analeptic
Spinal

56
Q

Decreases acquity of smell and taste

A

Amphetamine
*Not given jn the late afternoon around 3PM

57
Q

Therapeutic uses of amphetamine

A

Narcolepsy - Modafinil
Some appetite suppressing effect but not for long term weight control
ADHD - low methylphenidate
Contraindications same as adrenaline plus patients with CNS symptoms (insomnia, anxiety, schizophrenia and anorexia)

58
Q

Severe hypertension with MAOI like Tyramine

A

Amphetamine

59
Q

Alpha stimulants

A

Noradrenaline IV
Ephedrine IM
Phenylephrine
Midodrine orally

60
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Synthetic sympathomimetic non catechol with their oral absorption and passing bbb(no effect)
Systemic metabolism like NA which is like Adrenaline minus effect on potassium and maybe factor something activation

61
Q

Weaker than NA but longer duration

A

Phenylephrine
*Prolonged action of anaestheyics

62
Q

Nasal decongestants

A

Sinusitis, rhinitis, common cold

63
Q

ND Side effects

A

Rebound congestion after stoppage
Contraindicated in angina and hypertension
Oil Inhaled- lipoid pneumonia
Cilia atrophy and loss of smell in long use
Drowsiness

64
Q

VD sympathomimetics and uterine relaxants

A

VD - PVD treatment e.g isoxuprine
UR:
Dysmenorrhoea
Contraction ring
Abortion to delay
Threatened abortion

65
Q

Salma Fought Bambi Fein In Ola’s Vila

A

Salmeterol
Formoterol
Bambuterol
Feneterol
Indicaterol
Olandeterol
Vilanterol

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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