Ocular Flashcards

1
Q

Miotics - lid twitches with paralytics
Guanethidine and mgral action)- pin point pupil
Reversible anticholine esterase:

A

Physo
Demecarium

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2
Q

Irreversible
*strong and long lasting
*extreme miosis
*cataract plus irritant

A

Echothiophate
Isoflurophate

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3
Q

Mydriatics

A

Active - cocaine: corneal and conjunctival reflex absent (surface anaesthetic) light reflex present (prevent catecho uptake an inhibit MAO)and sympathomimetics (non catechos)- phenylephrine, amphetamine, ephedrine
*light and corneal reflex present
*no cyclopegia

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4
Q

Passive - parasympatholytic
Paralysis of constrictor

A

Atropine - not used in fundus exam but iritis and measurement of refraction in kids
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide - weak cyckopegia so most common in fundus exam
*light reflex absent corneal present
*cycloplegia
*increased IOP because of aforementioned conditions
*decreased lacrimation

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5
Q

Closed angle glaucoma
* dilated iris occluded outflow drainage at filtration angle
*prevent acute painful increase of pressure with iridectomy

A

Mannitol 20%
Glycerin 50%
Mg SO4 rectally
To decrease IOP

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6
Q

Mitotic eye drops

A

Pilocarpine drug of choice in low conc.
Physostigmine(eserine)

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7
Q

Carbonic anhydride inhibitors for glaucoma

A

Acetazolamide (oral)

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8
Q

Open angle glaucoma(all drugs taken topically)
*miotics take as gel; plastic film slow - release insert

A

Beta blockers
Alpha agonists
Prostaglandin analogues (enhance uvosckeral outflow)- Latan bimat trav oprost plus unoprostone(most potent ocular hypotensive)
Miotics (increase outflow) - pilocarpine and the rest
Carbonic anhydride inhibitors

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9
Q

Alpha agonists on the eye

A

Non selective - epinephrine and dipivefrin
Selective enhance uvoscleral outflow- apraclonidine and brimonidine

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10
Q

Carbonic anhydride inhibitors

A

Topical - Dorzolamide and brinzolamide
Orally - Acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide and methazolamide

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11
Q

Other drugs for eye

A

Irritants
Antiallergic
Anti inflammatory
For infections
Anaesthetics
Diagnostic agent

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12
Q

Conjunctiva irritant

A

Chlooacetophenoe

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13
Q

Antiallergic

A

Antihistamines
Glucocorticoids

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14
Q

Anti inflammatory

A

NSAIDS diclofenac
Corticos - dexamethazone

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15
Q

Reversible anti esterase

A

Physostigmine
Demecariu

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16
Q

Surface anesthetics for the cornea & conjunctiva e.g. cocaine

A

tetracaine.

17
Q

appearance of green spots on corneal surrace indicates the presence of corneal

A

Ulcerations