Ocular Flashcards
Miotics - lid twitches with paralytics
Guanethidine and mgral action)- pin point pupil
Reversible anticholine esterase:
Physo
Demecarium
Irreversible
*strong and long lasting
*extreme miosis
*cataract plus irritant
Echothiophate
Isoflurophate
Mydriatics
Active - cocaine: corneal and conjunctival reflex absent (surface anaesthetic) light reflex present (prevent catecho uptake an inhibit MAO)and sympathomimetics (non catechos)- phenylephrine, amphetamine, ephedrine
*light and corneal reflex present
*no cyclopegia
Passive - parasympatholytic
Paralysis of constrictor
Atropine - not used in fundus exam but iritis and measurement of refraction in kids
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide - weak cyckopegia so most common in fundus exam
*light reflex absent corneal present
*cycloplegia
*increased IOP because of aforementioned conditions
*decreased lacrimation
Closed angle glaucoma
* dilated iris occluded outflow drainage at filtration angle
*prevent acute painful increase of pressure with iridectomy
Mannitol 20%
Glycerin 50%
Mg SO4 rectally
To decrease IOP
Mitotic eye drops
Pilocarpine drug of choice in low conc.
Physostigmine(eserine)
Carbonic anhydride inhibitors for glaucoma
Acetazolamide (oral)
Open angle glaucoma(all drugs taken topically)
*miotics take as gel; plastic film slow - release insert
Beta blockers
Alpha agonists
Prostaglandin analogues (enhance uvosckeral outflow)- Latan bimat trav oprost plus unoprostone(most potent ocular hypotensive)
Miotics (increase outflow) - pilocarpine and the rest
Carbonic anhydride inhibitors
Alpha agonists on the eye
Non selective - epinephrine and dipivefrin
Selective enhance uvoscleral outflow- apraclonidine and brimonidine
Carbonic anhydride inhibitors
Topical - Dorzolamide and brinzolamide
Orally - Acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide and methazolamide
Other drugs for eye
Irritants
Antiallergic
Anti inflammatory
For infections
Anaesthetics
Diagnostic agent
Conjunctiva irritant
Chlooacetophenoe
Antiallergic
Antihistamines
Glucocorticoids
Anti inflammatory
NSAIDS diclofenac
Corticos - dexamethazone
Surface anesthetics for the cornea & conjunctiva e.g. cocaine
tetracaine.
appearance of green spots on corneal surrace indicates the presence of corneal
Ulcerations
