symbiosis

Question 1

predator prey

Answer 1

form of species interaction where one species eats another

including:
herbivory
parasitism

Question 2

major prey strategies

Answer 2

avoiding detection
chemical defence mechanimss
warning signals
behavioural mechanisms
mimicry

Question 3

competiton

Answer 3

no species has exclusive access to all the resources it needs, therefore it needs to compete

Question 4

species niche

Answer 4

is the physical and biological conditions required for growth, reproduction and survival

Question 5

fundamental niche

Answer 5

defined by a species physiological needs

Question 6

realised niche

Answer 6

defined by interactions wiht other species

Question 7

compatitive coexistence types

Answer 7

interference
indirect
exploitation

Question 8

interference competition

Answer 8

one species directly interferes with another

Question 9

indirect

Answer 9

exploitation competiton

Question 10

exploitation competiton

Answer 10

occurs when a limiting resource is available to all competitors, but the outcome of the interaction depends on the relatie efficiency with which each species uses the resources

Question 11

what is symbiosis

Answer 11

all interactions between species that affect thier abundance and distributions

Question 12

types of symbiosis

Answer 12

commensalism
mutualism
parasitism

Question 13

commensalism

Answer 13

one species benefits, whilst the other is neither harmed nor benefitted

Question 14

mutualism

Answer 14

both benefit

Question 15

parasitism

Answer 15

one benefits and the other is harmed

Question 16

obligate relationship

Answer 16

they need one another to survive

Question 17

facultative

Answer 17

they survive better with one another, but can survive without each other

Question 18

specific

Answer 18

part of a highly specialised and exclusive relationship, usually with just one other species

Question 19

diffuse

Answer 19

relationships with lots of speciese

Question 20

endosymbionts

Answer 20

live inside the body of cells of another organism

Question 21

ectosymbionts

Answer 21

live on the outside of another organism

Question 22

epiphytes

Answer 22

grow on other plants for physical support

Question 23

mixotrophic

Answer 23

both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms
consume animals for nitrogen, but also create their own glucose/energy

Question 24

what is a parasite?

Answer 24

predators that eat prey in units of less than 1
smaller than host
live on or in the host
usually dont kill the host, but can
host can usually recover from a parasite
habitats of parasites are their hosts

both micro and macro (intracellular vs extracellular)

Question 25

monoxenic

Answer 25

life cycles that feature just one host
simple

Question 26

heteroxenic

Answer 26

life cycles that involve multiple hosts (often completely unrelated)
indirect or multi host life cycles
the final host is the definitive host

Question 27

kleptoparasites

Answer 27

parasites by theft
animals deliberately taking food from one another
we do this with bees
between different species or within a species

Question 28

pollination

Answer 28

a very common type of mutualism
can be either facultative or obligate
- either not reliant but improve their success, or completely reliant on one another

Question 29

commensalism

Answer 29

very rare, as often commensalistic organisms can also be viewed as parasitic
kangaroo sheltering under a shrub from the heat etc.

Question 30

deceptive pollination

Answer 30

some plants pretend to be the female of an insect species to get it to pollinate the flower, trickery!

Question 31

community effects and co-evolutoin with symbiosis

Answer 31

interactiosn that alter survival of individuals effect population growth, therefore mutualism and commensalism can effect population growth

Question 32

stress gradient hypothesis

Answer 32

competiton (antagonistic) relationships are more common in low stress environments

mutualism (facilitation) is more common in higher stress environments

Question 33

symbiosis under co-evolution

Answer 33

parasitism causes the red queen hypothesis (arms race)

mutualism causes them to both adapt to increase their benefits

Question 34

pests and weeds def

Answer 34

organisms with populations that are too large and are therefore in conflict with human interests