biological controls

Question 1

what are biological controls? what are they used for?

Answer 1

use of natural predators, parasites, or competitors to control the populations of pests of weeds

Question 2

3 types

Answer 2

classical
augmentative
conservation

Question 3

classical BC

Answer 3

the deliberate importation and release of a new species

introduced species follow the enemy release hypothesis and therefore we aim to introduce natural enemies that are missing

Question 4

augmentative

Answer 4

repeated reading and release of natural enemies

usually for agriculture

natural enemies are reared and introduced into crops usually predators or parasitoids

its hugely beneficial because you avoid chemicals

Question 5

conservation

Answer 5

promoting or protecting existing natural enemies

Question 6

key to success for biological controls

Answer 6

specific to target
high reproductive rates
good searching ability
must occur at the same time as hosts
adaptable to different environmental conditions

Question 7

two types of augmentative control

Answer 7

inoculative
inundativei

Question 8

inoculative

Answer 8

control released by enemies and their progeny
the organisms and their children exert control
longer term
fewer natural enemies neededi

Question 9

inundative

Answer 9

control exclusively by their released enemies
not expected to establish their own sustaining populations
are capable of reproduction but not to support populations
need to ne repeatedly re-introduced
short term

Question 10

how to do conservation BC

Answer 10

provide food sources, permanent shelter or habitats, favourable microclimates or alternate prey/hosts for the natural enemy you want to cultivate

Question 11

epidemic VS endemic

Answer 11

increases rapidly vs constantly present in the community

essentially the same as pandemics vs endemic (flare ups, population sizes, immunity, time, geography etc)