Swine review Flashcards
Which of the following tests is a measure of stress immune function in swine?
- Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Creatine phosphokinase
- Alpha mannosidase
- Sorbital dehydrogenase
α1 acid glycoprotein (AGP)
Noisy, anxious day-old pigs probably indicate:
- Heat stress
- Cold stress
- Hunger
- Endotoxemia
- Bacteremia
Hunger
What is your diagnosis for the skin condition shown on these pruritic pigs?
- Ringworm
- Parakeratosis
- Sarcoptic mange
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Greasy pig disease
Sarcoptic mange
- Hypersensitivity reaction to mite
- Sensitization takes place over several weeks
- Crusting and pruritis develop
Identify this breed:
Vietnamese Pot-belly
What is your diagnosis of this piglet whose skin was covered with exudate?
- Ringworm
- Parakeratosis
- Greasy pig disease
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Papillomatosis
Greasy pig disease
I would also remember the stupidly small picture below ;)
A 7 week old Pot-bellied Pig is presented with a posterior swelling that looks like this. Which one of the following is the most likely clinical diagnosis?
- Perineal hernia
- Inguinal hernia
- Testicular torsion
- Cryptorchidism
- Intersex syndrome
Inguinal hernia
- A COMMON problem in pigs, Rx surgically: midline skin incision, cranial to scrotum; ligate and excise vas deferens, blood vessels.*
- (Zuku or VetPrep question)*
T/F: Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium are both treated with Oxytetracycline
False
- Salmonella choleraesuis is treated with Oxytetracycline.
- Salmonella typhimurium is resistant to Oxytetracycline (as well as most other antibiotics allowed in food animals)
Swine pox is transmitted by:
- Culicoides varipennis
- Ixodes ricinus
- Stomaxys calcitrans
- Boophilus annulatus
- Hematopinus suis
Hematopinus suis
Haematopinus suis is also known as the hog louse
- Swine Pox is associated with CUTANEOUS Lesions
-
Transmitted by virus contact associated with skin injury
- The hog louse acts as a mechanical vector – may carry the virus for weeks or months
- Pigs usually recover without problems
Before sows are moved into the farrowing crates they should be:
- Flushed with a high energy ration
- Flushed with a high calcium and protein ration
- Medicated with a broad spectrum antibiotic to help sterilize the intestinal tract and prevent coliform buildup in the environemt
- Vaccinated against tuberculosis
- Washed to remove dirt and parasite eggs
Washed to remove dirt and parasite eggs
The probability for swine influenza occurring in animals reared in confinement on concrete should be less than in animals raised on soil because:
- Concrete can be effectively disinfected
- Pigs raised on concrete retain colostrum derived immunity for a longer period
- Contact with the virus via earthworms is reduced
- Concrete has recently been shown to have viricidal properties
- Contact with the virus via ascarids is reduced
Concrete can be effectively disinfected
Mange in swine can be diagnosed by the vacuum cleaner filter sampling technique. A drug which is useful for treatment of mange is:
- Fenbendazole
- Ivermectin
- Thisbendazole
- Sulfamethazine
- Monensin
Ivermectin
Why is a uniform microenvironment important in a pigpen?
- Water consumption increases
- Need for vaccination is reduced or eliminated
- Feed conversion is better
- Tendency to fight is reduced
- Immune function is improved
Tendency to fight is reduced
The etiology of pityriasis rosea in swine is:
- Fungal
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Neoplastic
- Undetermined
Undetermined
Pityriasis rosea is a sporadic disease of unknown etiology of pigs, usually 8–14 wk old, but occasionally as young as 2 wk and very rarely in pigs as old as 10 mo
Which of the following viral diseases below affects only swine?
- Vesicular exanthema
- Foot and Mouth Disease
- Vesicular stomatitis
- Rinderpest
- Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Vesicular exanthema
Vesicular exanthema does not affect cattle, sheep, goats or any species other than the pigs (and sea mammals). So, unlike FMD, if you keep other livestock they will not be affected. However, keep in mind that it produces a disease in pigs that is clinically indistinguishable from FMD.
Which one of the following clinical signs occurs most commonly in pigs affected with PMWS?
- Sudden death
- Depression
- Inappetance
- Pale mucous membranes
- Peripheral lymphadenopathy
Peripheral lymphadenopathy
T/F: Addition of conjugated linoleic acid to grow-finish diet at the rate of 1% increases average daily gain and improves feed efficiency while cutting market hog backfat levels by 20%
True
Tail biting in swine may cause abscesses in the spine due to:
- Actinomyces pyogenes
- Lawsonia intracellularis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Mannheimia hemolytica
Actinomyces pyogenes
I think this is now called Trueperella pyogenes
Bull nose in swine is caused by the organism:
- Bordetella
- Shigella
- Fusobacterium
- Treponema
- Salmonella
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Necrotic rhinitis is an uncommon, sporadic disease of young pigs characterized by suppuration and necrosis of the snout, arising from wounds of the oral or nasal mucosa
In the southern United States neonatal swine may be affected with which one of the following parasites if a rigid control program is not followed?
- Threadworms
- Roundworms
- Whipworms
- Kidney worms
- Stomach worms
Threadworms
Strongyloides; can be passed through placenta and colostrum and can kill piglets!
On most pig farms today piglets are weaned at what age?
- 5 days
- 10 days
- 15 days
- 3 weeks
- 2 months
3 weeks
A commercial pig farm experiences an explosive outbreak of respiratory disease with high mortality, primarily in young pigs under 6 months of age.
Affected pigs show severe respiratory distress, fever up to 107°F (41.5°C), anorexia, and reluctance to move. Some animals display open-mouth breathing with a blood-stained, frothy nasal and oral discharge.
On necropsy, the lungs are bilaterally dark and swollen and ooze bloody fluid from the cut surface.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
- Haemophilus parahaemolyticus
- Swine influenza
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- This is a classic scenario of an outbreak of pleuropneumonia, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae*
- (Zuku or VetPrep Question)*
These animals are all the same age. They have been raised together. Which one of the following diseases is probably associated with this?
- Erysipelas
- Tuberculosis
- Leptospirosis
- Ileitis
- Ascariasis
Ileitis
Lawsonia intracellularis is a Gram [+] organism responsible for causing porcine ileitis (and wet tail in hamsters). One of the main clinical signs is uneven growth - some look normal and some look stunted.
Test and slaughter is the usual method of control for which one of the following diseases in both cattle and hogs?
- Leptospirosis
- Brucellosis
- Corona virus
- Spongiform encephalopathy
- Campylobacter
Brucellosis
Modified medication early weaning programs have been useful in elimination of many pathogens from piggeries. Which one of the following diseases is a good example of this?
- Mycoplasmosis
- Creeper syndrome
- Eubacterium
- Brucellosis
- Splay leg
Mycoplasmosis
A swine parasite transmitted through the milk is:
- Ascaris
- Parascaris
- Oesophagostomum
- Strongylus
- Strongyloides
Strongyloides
Passed through placenta and colostrum
Which of the following byproduct feeds did researchers at Purdue University formulate into swine diets as an aid in reducing odor in the environment?
- Brewers grains
- Whole cottonseed
- Soybean hulls
- Beet pulp
- Citrus pulp
Soybean hulls
What disease can be diagnosed from this picture?
- Mulberry heart disease
- Colibacillosis
- Sarcoptic mange
- Atrophic rhinitis
- Swine pox
Atrophic rhinitis
T/F: Before five weeks of age piglets may benefit from added salt in the diet to aid in digestion of proteins and cut down on growth of pathogenic bacteria in the stomach
True
Which one of the following pathogens is associated with Glasser’s disease of swine?
- Pasteurella multocida
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
- Hemophilus parasuis
- Streptococcus suis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
Hemophilus parasuis
- Virulent and avirulent strains exist
-
Clinical signs 3-10 weeks of age
- Acute fulminating SEPTICEMIA
- POLYSEROSITIS & POLYARTHRITIS
- Confirm diagnosis with histopathology
- Stress is very important in pathogenesis
- Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) pigs are VERY susceptible - no previous exposure
Identify this breed of swine used for research into obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome at Purdue University
Ossabaw Island
Identify this breed:
Kunekune
Double joweled; originated in New Zealand
Modified medicated early weaning programs for swine will not eliminate:
- Actinobacillus
- Hemophilus
- Pseudorabies
- Streptococcus
- Eubacterium
Eubacterium
- Lives in the sheath of the prepuce of the boar
- Transmission believed to occur at breeding - associated with failure of breeding, failure to conceive, or fetal death and resorption
Identify this breed:
Yorkshire
- (aka Large White)*
- Sows have increased incidence of lameness secondary to increased nutritional demands because of high milk production and large litter size*
Immunoglobulins ingested by the piglet at birth decline rapidly after the first week of life and fall below protective levels by:
- 7 days
- 10 days
- 15 days
- 18 days
- 21 days
21 days
Which of the following would be of importance for anesthesia and/or surgery of a miniature pig?
- Thick tongue
- Short, thick neck
- Small mouth
- Laryngeal diverticulum
- All of the above
All of the above
What is the name of the organism associated with proliferative enteropathy in swine and weanling foals?
- Erysipelas
- Lawsonia
- Circovirus
- Serpulina
- Fusobacterium
Lawsonia
A pig farmer complains of strange behavior in his feeder pigs. Most are hyperexcitable yet are not squealing. A few are lethargic, wandering aimlessly and seem to be blind. Bloodwork shows a marked increase in sodium concentration. Upon inspection of the pen, it turns out that the waterer had been inadvertently turned off. Which one of the following treatments is indicated?
- Ad lib water
- Ad lib water and IV 1/2 strength Ringers solution
- Furosemide
- Mannitol
- Frequent small amounts of water
Frequent small amounts of water
Identify this breed:
Duroc
Red breed, common in US
Several piglets in a group weaned 10 days ago in the nursery facility of a large commercial swine operation were found dead. On evaluation, some weaners have swelling around the eyes and forehead. Some are in lateral recumbency and dyspneic. Necropsy of the dead piglets reveals subcutaneous and submucosal edema. The most likely causative organism is:
- Streptococcus suis
- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
- Clostridium septicum
- Escherichia coli
- Lawsonia intracellularis
Escherichia coli
A new and effective therapy for sarcoptic mange in swine is:
- Enroflaxacin
- Tylosin
- Doramectin
- Tiamulin
- Carbadox
Doramectin
If the following image is seen on necropsy, what would be recommended as a treatment plan for the remaining group of pigs?
- There is no effective treatment
- Clorsulon PO, all animals
- Lincomycin IM, underweight animals
- Decrease non-protein nitrogen in diet
- Antihelminthics
Antihelminthics
- Antihelminthics are the treatment of choice.*
- This is ascarid (roundworm) infestation and these are classic “milk spots”- liver scars left by migrating ascarid larva traveling to the lungs. In heavy ascarid infestations, larvae can cause pulmonary edema, consolidation, severe respiratory distress. May see icterus.*
- (Zuku or VetPrep Question)*
Identify this breed:
Tamworth
Red breed, not common in US
A farmer has a few 8-12 week old pigs with weight loss, diarrhea, and a few with expiratory dyspnea. Several pigs with similar symptoms have died recently. Mucous membranes are pale, and inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged.
Which one of the following viruses is the most likely causative agent?
- Herpesvirus
- Parvovirus
- Manangle virus
- Circovirus
- Paramyxovirus
Circovirus
- Circovirus, a nonenveloped DNA virus, causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The virus is also associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome caused by necrotizing vasculitis, which is more prominent in the skin, renal pelvis, mesentery, and spleen.*
- (Zuku or VetPrep Question)*
Which one of the following statements about toxicosis in swine is true?
- Carbon dioxide and ammonia are the two most common gases involved in swine deaths
- Swine are the least susceptible to ergot of all domestic animals
- Salt poisoning or water deprivation is the least common poisoning seen in swine
- Carbon monoxide gas is highly toxic to swine
Carbon monoxide gas is highly toxic to swine
This is often due to faulty space heaters in barns
Identify the breed
Yorkshire
PRRS (Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syndrome) can be characterized as:
- Highly infectious with persistent infection that may last for several months
- A disease for which no vaccination exists
- An afebrile disease of young pigs with minimal clinical signs
- A disease that causes infertility but not abortion
- A disease that mostly affects boars and causes sterility
Highly infectious with persistent infection that may last for several months
65-70% of the total cost of swine production is:
FEED
Which one of the following substances will reduce or kill salmonella organisms when fed to pigs or cattle?
- Tetracycline
- Cottonseed
- Soybean hulls
- Sodium chloride
- Sodium chlorate
Sodium chlorate
Identify this breed:
Meishan
Chinese pig; increased fecundity; two times as many nipples as other breeds
Age segregated rearing of pigs on swine farms is made possible through:
- The North Carolina system
- The McLean County system
- Breeding sows at specific time intervals
- Breeding sows at random intervals
- Depopulation/ repopulation
Breeding sows at specific time intervals
Which one of the following problems would more likely be diagnosed in post-weaned pigs six to eight weeks of age?
- Colibacillosis
- Ascariasis
- Swine dysentery
- Whipworms
- Proliferative enteropathy
Ascariasis
Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic progressive disease of swine. It has a multi-factorial etiology consisting of infectious, environmental, and animal factors. Whatever control measures are implemented, the disease must be monitored to assess efficacy and cost benefit. Which of the following parameters is/are useful in analysis of control measures?
- Atrophic rhinitis lesion scores
- Days to market
- Percentage light weight market hogs
- Feed: gain ratio
- All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is a major cause of culling of sows from a swine herd?
- External parasitism
- Lameness
- Internal parasitism
- Gastric ulcers
- Dental problems
Lameness
Identify this breed:
Landrace
White breed, floppy ears, fast-growing. Most common breed in Europe
What would be your diagnosis for the poor weight gain and coughing observed in these post-weaned Kittitian pigs?
- Whipworms
- Threadworms
- Ascarids
- Stomach worms
- Lungworms
Ascarids
Ascaris suum; Migration through organs (liver, lung), predisposes to other problems; weaned pig 6-8 weeks of age; can live in environment for 16 years
Which one of the following will reduce aggressive behavior in a group of housed pigs?
- Ad libitum feeding
- Provision of toys to prevent boredom
- Using round pens for housing
- Putting dividers within the pens
- Tail docking
Provision of toys to prevent boredom
With regard to salmonella in pigs, what is the main route of infection?
Ingestion
From the feed or the water
The most common cause of anemia in neonatal pigs is:
- Lice infestation
- Copper deficiency
- Strongyloides infection
- Eperythrozoonosis
- Iron Deficiency
Iron Deficiency
Which of the following diseases might be responsible for these pigs of the same age being different sizes?
- Erysipelas
- Sarcoptic mange
- Proliferative enteropathy
- Ringworm
- Exudative epidermitis
Proliferative enteropathy
- Caused by Lawsonia intracellularis
- Mainly seen in growing and finishing pigs
- See uneven growth in the pigs – some look normal and some look stunted
- RODENTS are important as vectors