swine nutrition and feeding

Question 1

what is the life cycle of a sow

Answer 1

• insemination
• gestation
• farrowing
• lactation
• weaning

Question 2

how long is the life cycle of a sow

Answer 2

~20 weeks (142 days)

Question 3

what is the life cycle of pigs

Answer 3

• weaning
• nursery
• grower
• finisher
• market
• some (~10%) selected as a replacement breeder

Question 4

how long is the life cycle of a pig

Answer 4

~24 weeks (160-180 days)

Question 5

how long is gestation

Answer 5

114 days

Question 6

how long is lactation

Answer 6

21 days

Question 7

how long is weaning till next insemination

Answer 7

4-7 days

Question 8

what do the farrowing rooms consist of

stage of production

Answer 8

farrowing and lactation and weaning

Question 9

what does the breeding and gestation rooms consist of

stage of production

Answer 9

insemination and gestation

Question 10

how long does it take from pigs to go from the nursery to grower life cycle

Answer 10

56 days

Question 11

how long does it take from pigs to go from grower to finisher to market life cycles

how long is finisher stage

Answer 11

90 days

Question 12

what do the finishing barns consist of

life cycles

Answer 12

grower, finisher, market

Question 13

how old are piglets in the weaning stage and how heavy are they

Answer 13

3 weeks, 15lbs

Question 14

how old are piglets in the nursery stage and how heavy are they

Answer 14

11 weeks, 55lbs

Question 15

how old are pigs during the market stage and how heavy are they

Answer 15

22 weeks, 270lbs

Question 16

what is the primary source of energy in swine nutrition

Answer 16

corn

Question 17

what are cereals low in

Answer 17

lysine, tryptophan, threonine

limiting AA

Question 18

when is fat used as an energy source and what are some examples

Answer 18

• occasionally used as a denser source of energy during lactation or summertime
• tallow and grease

Question 19

what is fiber in swine nutrition

Answer 19

• no minimum requirement
• energy inversely proportional to fiber content

fiber is bad in swine diets

Question 20

what is the most common source of protein in swine diets

Answer 20

soybean meal

Question 21

what is wrong with animal derived protein

Answer 21

contributes to propagation of disease

Question 22

how is synthetic crystalline AA useful

Answer 22

lysine: 3lbs Lys + 97lbs corn = 100 lbs SBM

Question 23

what is ideal protein useful for

Answer 23

• maintenance vs growth
• lactation
• effect of age/Wt, gender, and genotype
• may require different AA mixtures

Question 24

what is important in macrominerals in swine diets

Answer 24

• ratio is important
• Ca:P should be 1.1:1 to 1.5:1

Question 25

what are some examlples of Ca,P sources

Answer 25

* monocalcium phosphate * dicalcium phosphate * monosodium phosphate * rock phosphate * limestone

Question 26

what are the minerals used for metabolic regulation

Answer 26

I, Co, Zn, Ch

Question 27

what are the minerals used for enzyme function

Answer 27

Se, Zn, Mn

Question 28

what are the minerals used for hematopoiesis

Answer 28

Fe, Cu

Question 29

what are the vitamins that swine need

Answer 29

* fat soluble * water soluble (B vitamins)

Question 30

what vitamins are needed in the breeding herd only

Answer 30

* folic acid * choline * biotin

Question 31

what happens to the flow rate of water as pigs get older

Answer 31

increases

Question 32

nitrates in water cause problems if..

Answer 32

greater than 100 ppm

Question 33

bacteria in water need to be..

Answer 33

* fewer than 100 total bacteria per mililiter * fewer than 50 coliforms per mililiter

Question 34

total dissolved solids < 1000 ppm

Answer 34

no risk

Question 35

total dissolved solids > 7000 ppm

Answer 35

unfit for pigs

Question 36

what is fighting nature in sow nutrition

Answer 36

* peri-parturient behavior - not eat during lactation * limit feed in gestation * challenge feed during lactation * need to have nutrient balance so they aren't negative

Question 37

what is fighting nature in pig nutrition

Answer 37

* weaned pigs digestive capacities (amylase and protease increases overtime; lipase is unchanged; lactase decreases overtime) * match diet ingredients to animal's capabilities * weaned pigs don't do well on plant based diet - incorporate animal protein

Question 38

what is feeding a moving target

Answer 38

* nutrient requirements of a growing animal changes daily * in therory could change ration daily, but not practical * phase feeding - change rations

Question 39

what is the protein requirement in swine as they get closer to market

Answer 39

protein requirement decreases

Question 40

what is the optimal amount of phases in phase feeding

Answer 40

7 phases * increasing number of phases is possible when # of pigs on farm increases * fixes protein deficiency issue * helps with overfeedin protein

Question 41

what is precision livestock feeding

Answer 41

* matching needs of individual animal * high and low protein diets * identify pigs by tags and track their weight

Question 42

what is split-sex feeding

Answer 42

* gilts eat less per day * gilts grow less per day * gilts are overfed if fed the same as barrows

Question 43

what is the new castration technology

Answer 43

* GnRH vaccine to create analogue against GnRH - shuts down testosterone * feeding boars until last 4-8 wks of life * boars more efficient than gilts or barrows

Question 44

what are anti-nutrient agents

Answer 44

* unused nutrient pas through animal * act risk to pollute the environment * match nutrients available to nutrient requirements

Question 45

what are environmental-friendly feeding strategies

Answer 45

* phase and split-sex feeding * amino acid substitution * phytase * GMO's (high lysine corn and low phytate corn)

Question 46

what happens to ammonia secretion when AA are added and CP% decreases

Answer 46

decreases

Question 47

phytase

Answer 47

artificially made so pigs can use phosphorus

Question 48

GMO's

Answer 48

* high lysine corn * low phytate corn * reduces environmental impact

Question 49

what are benchmarks

Answer 49

* time (days) --> days-to-markey (DTM) * weight gain (lbs) * feed consumed (lbs)

Question 50

what is weight gain/time

Answer 50

average daily gain (ADG) (lbs/day)

Question 51

what is feed consumed/weight gain

Answer 51

feed efficiency (FE)(lbs/day)

Question 52

what is wrong with continuous flow of pigs

Answer 52

* new pigs in and old pigs out flow * opportunity for disease

Question 53

what is AIAO

Answer 53

* all in, all out * transfer pigs from one building to next * disinfect old building to prep for new ones * reduces disease and increases feed intake and ADG

Question 54

what occurs during an immune response

Answer 54

* depression in feed intake * increase body temp * nutrients partitioned to immune system * stimulation of protein catabolism

Question 55

animals with decreased immune respones grow ___

Answer 55

faster