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digestion and metabolism - wk 4 > swine nutrition and feeding > Flashcards

swine nutrition and feeding Flashcards

1
Q

what is the life cycle of a sow

A
  • insemination
  • gestation
  • farrowing
  • lactation
  • weaning
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2
Q

how long is the life cycle of a sow

A

~20 weeks (142 days)

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3
Q

what is the life cycle of pigs

A
  • weaning
  • nursery
  • grower
  • finisher
  • market
  • some (~10%) selected as a replacement breeder
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4
Q

how long is the life cycle of a pig

A

~24 weeks (160-180 days)

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5
Q

how long is gestation

A

114 days

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6
Q

how long is lactation

A

21 days

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7
Q

how long is weaning till next insemination

A

4-7 days

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8
Q

what do the farrowing rooms consist of

stage of production

A

farrowing and lactation and weaning

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9
Q

what does the breeding and gestation rooms consist of

stage of production

A

insemination and gestation

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10
Q

how long does it take from pigs to go from the nursery to grower life cycle

A

56 days

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11
Q

how long does it take from pigs to go from grower to finisher to market life cycles

how long is finisher stage

A

90 days

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12
Q

what do the finishing barns consist of

life cycles

A

grower, finisher, market

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13
Q

how old are piglets in the weaning stage and how heavy are they

A

3 weeks, 15lbs

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14
Q

how old are piglets in the nursery stage and how heavy are they

A

11 weeks, 55lbs

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15
Q

how old are pigs during the market stage and how heavy are they

A

22 weeks, 270lbs

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16
Q

what is the primary source of energy in swine nutrition

A

corn

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17
Q

what are cereals low in

A

lysine, tryptophan, threonine

limiting AA

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18
Q

when is fat used as an energy source and what are some examples

A
  • occasionally used as a denser source of energy during lactation or summertime
  • tallow and grease
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19
Q

what is fiber in swine nutrition

A
  • no minimum requirement
  • energy inversely proportional to fiber content

fiber is bad in swine diets

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20
Q

what is the most common source of protein in swine diets

A

soybean meal

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21
Q

what is wrong with animal derived protein

A

contributes to propagation of disease

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22
Q

how is synthetic crystalline AA useful

A

lysine: 3lbs Lys + 97lbs corn = 100 lbs SBM

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23
Q

what is ideal protein useful for

A
  • maintenance vs growth
  • lactation
  • effect of age/Wt, gender, and genotype
  • may require different AA mixtures
24
Q

what is important in macrominerals in swine diets

A
  • ratio is important
  • Ca:P should be 1.1:1 to 1.5:1
25
Q

what are some examlples of Ca,P sources

A
  • monocalcium phosphate
  • dicalcium phosphate
  • monosodium phosphate
  • rock phosphate
  • limestone
26
Q

what are the minerals used for metabolic regulation

A

I, Co, Zn, Ch

27
Q

what are the minerals used for enzyme function

A

Se, Zn, Mn

28
Q

what are the minerals used for hematopoiesis

A

Fe, Cu

29
Q

what are the vitamins that swine need

A
  • fat soluble
  • water soluble (B vitamins)
30
Q

what vitamins are needed in the breeding herd only

A
  • folic acid
  • choline
  • biotin
31
Q

what happens to the flow rate of water as pigs get older

A

increases

32
Q

nitrates in water cause problems if..

A

greater than 100 ppm

33
Q

bacteria in water need to be..

A
  • fewer than 100 total bacteria per mililiter
  • fewer than 50 coliforms per mililiter
34
Q

total dissolved solids < 1000 ppm

A

no risk

35
Q

total dissolved solids > 7000 ppm

A

unfit for pigs

36
Q

what is fighting nature in sow nutrition

A
  • peri-parturient behavior - not eat during lactation
  • limit feed in gestation
  • challenge feed during lactation
  • need to have nutrient balance so they aren’t negative
37
Q

what is fighting nature in pig nutrition

A
  • weaned pigs digestive capacities (amylase and protease increases overtime; lipase is unchanged; lactase decreases overtime)
  • match diet ingredients to animal’s capabilities
  • weaned pigs don’t do well on plant based diet - incorporate animal protein
38
Q

what is feeding a moving target

A
  • nutrient requirements of a growing animal changes daily
  • in therory could change ration daily, but not practical
  • phase feeding - change rations
39
Q

what is the protein requirement in swine as they get closer to market

A

protein requirement decreases

40
Q

what is the optimal amount of phases in phase feeding

A

7 phases
* increasing number of phases is possible when # of pigs on farm increases
* fixes protein deficiency issue
* helps with overfeedin protein

41
Q

what is precision livestock feeding

A
  • matching needs of individual animal
  • high and low protein diets
  • identify pigs by tags and track their weight
42
Q

what is split-sex feeding

A
  • gilts eat less per day
  • gilts grow less per day
  • gilts are overfed if fed the same as barrows
43
Q

what is the new castration technology

A
  • GnRH vaccine to create analogue against GnRH - shuts down testosterone
  • feeding boars until last 4-8 wks of life
  • boars more efficient than gilts or barrows
44
Q

what are anti-nutrient agents

A
  • unused nutrient pas through animal
  • act risk to pollute the environment
  • match nutrients available to nutrient requirements
45
Q

what are environmental-friendly feeding strategies

A
  • phase and split-sex feeding
  • amino acid substitution
  • phytase
  • GMO’s (high lysine corn and low phytate corn)
46
Q

what happens to ammonia secretion when AA are added and CP% decreases

A

decreases

47
Q

phytase

A

artificially made so pigs can use phosphorus

48
Q

GMO’s

A
  • high lysine corn
  • low phytate corn
  • reduces environmental impact
49
Q

what are benchmarks

A
  • time (days) –> days-to-markey (DTM)
  • weight gain (lbs)
  • feed consumed (lbs)
50
Q

what is weight gain/time

A

average daily gain (ADG) (lbs/day)

51
Q

what is feed consumed/weight gain

A

feed efficiency (FE)(lbs/day)

52
Q

what is wrong with continuous flow of pigs

A
  • new pigs in and old pigs out flow
  • opportunity for disease
53
Q

what is AIAO

A
  • all in, all out
  • transfer pigs from one building to next
  • disinfect old building to prep for new ones
  • reduces disease and increases feed intake and ADG
54
Q

what occurs during an immune response

A
  • depression in feed intake
  • increase body temp
  • nutrients partitioned to immune system
  • stimulation of protein catabolism
55
Q

animals with decreased immune respones grow ___

A

faster

digestion and metabolism - wk 4 (8 decks)

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