Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

digestion and metabolism - wk 4 > overview of nutrition for companion animals > Flashcards

overview of nutrition for companion animals Flashcards

1
Q

what are the storage forms of energy

A
  • CHO - glycogen
  • fats - triglycerides
  • protein - no storage form, all functional tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the energy called that left and used by animal

A

metabolizable energy “calories”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is RER

A
  • resting energy requirement
  • approx. of energy requirements needed for life
  • reflects metabolically active tissues in body (lean tissue, organs, brain)
  • even if overweight, animals still has RER b/c it’s lean body mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the factors influencing energy requirements

A
  • metabolic efficiency
  • life stage
  • environment
  • lifestyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how to calculate canine MER

maintenance energy requirement

A

MER = 1.2 to 1.5 (most are 1.2 - activity factors) X RER

RER = 70 X Wtkg^0.75

if overweight use estimate of optimal weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how to calculate Feline MER

A

Formula 1: MER = 1.0 to 1.2 X RER

RER = 70 X Wtkg^0.75

Formula 2: MER = 50 x Wtkg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

feline energy metabolism

A

cats are adapted to using protein for energy as opposed to carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 ways that nutrient content can be expressed

A
  1. as fed
  2. dry matter
  3. energy basis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is as fed

A

how nutrient content is expressed on pet food labels and nutrients are given as a percent of the finished product by weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is dry matter basis

A

nutrients are given as a percent of the product by weight after the moisture content has been subtracted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is energy basis

A

nutrients are expressed as units (grams, mg, IU) per 1000 kcals. protein, fat and CHO can be expressed as percent of total calories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the only meaningful way to compare the nutrient content of two foods

A

on an energy basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the two ways to balance energy

A
  • bulk limiting
  • energy limiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is bulk limiting

A

animal gets full before eating all nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is energy limiting

A
  • add energy to diet to make limiting
  • animal might not eat as much food b/c extra energy is added
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the moderate amount of protein for dogs

A

greater than or equal to 18%, less than 25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the moderate amount of protein for cats

A

greater than or equal to 30%, less than 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the moderate amount of fat for dogs

A

greater than or equal to 20%, less than 30%

19
Q

what is the moderate amount of fat for cats

A

greater than or equal to 30%, less than 50%

20
Q

taurine

A
  • essential AA for cats
  • only found in animal tissues
21
Q

arginine

A

essential AA added to dog and cat diets (not needed in humans)

22
Q

what are the deficient AA in cereal grains

A
  • leucine
  • lysine
  • methionine
  • tryptophan
  • taurine
23
Q

what are the factors affecting minimum AA content of foods

A
  • bioavailability and digestibility
  • amino acid imbalances
  • processing and storage losses
  • energy density
  • palatability
  • health and environment of the animal
24
Q

what happens if arginine is limited

A

get build up of ammonia

25
Q

why is ornithine important

A
  • intermediate from arginine
  • needed in urea cycle to convert ammonia to urea
26
Q

why do cats need taurine supplemented

A

the enzyme that converts cysteine to taurine has very low activity in cats

27
Q

why is taurine needed

A

for bile acid conjugation

28
Q

what are the clinical signs of taurine deficiency

A
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
  • retinal degeneration
  • reproductive failure
29
Q

canine taurine deficiency

A
  • predisposed breeds (american cocker spaniel, newfoundland)
  • low protein diets or diets deficient in sulfur-containing amino acids
  • diets with poor protein digestibility
30
Q

what are the two essential fatty acids

A
  • linolenic acid n-3
  • linoleic acid n-6
31
Q

what essenital fatty acids are specific to cats

A
  • arachidonic acid n-6
  • eicosapentaenoic acid n-3
32
Q

what is the end product of fatty acids

A

eicosanoids

33
Q

what is the diet of wild canids

A
  • prey
  • insects and mollusks
  • carrion
  • plant material
34
Q

dietary fiber

A
  • “indigestible CHO” and lignin
  • total fiber content of a food (TDF) is greatly underestimated by “crude fiber”
  • non-nutritive but serves several important functions in GI tract
35
Q

what are the factors influencing amount to feed

A
  • maintenance
  • gestation and lactation
  • growth
  • physical exertion
  • environmental
36
Q

what are the 3 methods of feeding

A
  1. free choice
  2. time restricted
  3. portion restricted
37
Q

gestation calorie formula

A
  • 1.1 to 1.3 X MER
  • feed a growth/gestation formula
38
Q

dog gestation energy requirement

A

increases during the last 3 weeks of gestation

39
Q

cat gestation energy requirement

A

gradual increase in energy requirements throughout gestation

40
Q

peak lactation energy requirement

A
  • 2 to 5 X MER
  • dogs: 100 kcal/# of litter/day above MER
41
Q

growth feeding

A
  • feed only a growth-tested ration
  • feed according to body condition
  • do not supplement
  • portion restricted feeding (dogs)
42
Q

what is the growth rule of thumb

A

puppies should gain 1-2 grams/day/# of anticipated adult body weight for the first 5 months

43
Q

when should dogs be fed up to 50% of their adult weight

A

4-5 months old

digestion and metabolism - wk 4 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions