Swine Medicine: Neonatal/ Weanling II Flashcards
ETEC
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
piglets < 1 wk old: pili attatch to receptors on FIRST gen enterocytes. sluggish, dehydrated. open gut leads to septecemia, endotoxemia
yellow to white diarrhea. hematochezia rare.
diagnosis:
alkaline fecal pH. metabolic acidosis.
fecal culture- slide agglutination, PCR
histology of jejunum, ileum= gram (-) rods, little/ no inflam
prevention:
all in/ all out. clean sows into clean farrowing barns.
autogenous feedback vaccinate sows, gilts pre-partum
toxins: heat stable and heat liable enterotoxins
secretory diarrhea: enterotoxins stimulate Cl- channels to open. Cl- followed by Na+ H2O HCO3- into lumen
Rotaviral diarrhea
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
1-3wks malabsorbtive diarrhea.
lethargy, dehydration, yellow to white diarrhea
+/- air bubbles in feces
diagnosis:
acidic fecal pH
early fecal EM (virus may be gone @24-48hrs)
IFA/ELISA/PCR
prevention:
all in/ all out. meticulous cleaning (durable virus). hygine
feedback vaccinate sows & gilts 3-6wks pre-partum
TGE (Coronaviral diarrhea)
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs: all ages in naive herds yellow watert diarrhea +/- bubbling. rapid deterioration & fatalities. more severe vili blunting, malabsorbtion vs rotavirus
diagnosis:
vomiting. wide age range.
acidic fecal pH
early fecal EM/PCR (virus may be gone @24-48hrs)
transparent gut wall at necropsy. IFA/PCR intestinal wall
prevention:
strict biosecurity. SPF new stock.
AI (decrease animal movement)
Vaccination (killed & MLV). Autogenous (piglet intestine)
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (a corona virus)
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs: severe vomiting, diarrhea naive herd 100% effected. <7d ~100% mortality 8-21d ~90% mortality post weaning ~recovery likely
prevention:
biosecurity. direct or fecal-oral transmission
vaccinate
Coccidia
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
malabsorbtive & inflammatory diarrhea
diagnosis:
serial fecal flotation (oocytes 5d post-infection)
gut histopathology- coccidia within enterocytes +/- inflam
treatment:
extra label coccidiostats
oral amprolium/ oral trimethoprim-sulfa/ sulfamethazine
oral electrolytes *sulfa residue concern near mkt
keep them warm & dry
prevention:
all in/ all out. hygine.
Clostridial enteritis
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
1-5d piglets
sudden shock, death within 2hrs of lethargy
hemorrhagic diarrhea if piglet lives long enough
mucosa necrosis. true toxemia (exotoxins & endotoxemia)
diffuse or segmental GI lesions.
Blood tinged thoracic & peritoneal fluid
diagnosis:
necropsy. hemorrhagic enteritis & gram (-) rods at mucosa
treatment:
futile.
oral, parenteral penicillin G & C perf antitoxin. NSAID
prevention:
Strongyloides
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
10-14d diarrhea. adults are subclinical
weight loss, stunting
diagnosis:
fecal float on sow (passed through colostrum)
histology showing worms in piglet’s intestines
prevention:
Ivermectin 4-16d pre-farrowing (oral dosing extra label)
Fe defficiency anemia
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
sudden, sharp respiration “thumps”
diagnosis: microcytic hypochromic (Cu defficiency rule out)
treatment:
Fe dextran injection
prevention:
same as above
Myofibrillar hypoplasia
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
male»_space; female
adductor muscle hypoplasia
treatment:
help suckling
tape hobbles, non-slip flooring
prevention:
mechanism not well understood
genetic selection
vaccination program
ETEC nursery stage piglets
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
verotoxin (+) causes edema disease
voluminous alkaline diarrhea 2wks post weaning
rapid dehydration
diagnosis:
fluid contents in jejunum, ilium, colon
gram (-) rods adherent to villi, little inflam
IFA
PCR
–differentials: salmonellosis, gi parasites, TGE, PPE, diet
treatment:
antibiotics (temporary)
prevention:
all in- all out
biosecurity
minimize environmental stress
Salt poisening nursery stage piglets
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
multiple pigs effected
seizures with normal intervening periods
neuro signs (aimless wandering, blindness, deafness, head pressing, dog sitting, opisthotonus, running backwards, tremors
diagnosis:
blood/ CSF [Na+] > 160mEq/L
pathognomonic histologic lesion- perivascular cuffs of eosinophils
–differentials: Glassers, Strep suis meningitis, pseudorabies, Se toxicity, Pb poisening
treatment:
seizing- diazepam IM/ xylazine IM
small volumes of water
hypernatremic fluids titrated gradually
prevention:
2x/daily checking water
routine banking feed aliquots
Edema Disease nursery stage piglets
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
eyelid edema, chemosis, laryngeal edema
ataxia, forelimb paresis “torpedo pigs”
death
diagnosis:
histologic perivascular edema in multiple organs
gram (-) rods in small intestinal mucosa
PCR for F18 pilus & verotoxin gene
prevention:
wean slowly- avoid drastic diet change
autogenous E.coli bacterin at birth
oxytetracycline in feed (outbreak setting)
Stroptococcus suis nursery stage piglets
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
death
meningitis- seizing with no normal period
septic arthritis, polyserositis
diagnosis:
gram (+) cocci chains in exudate
–differentials: salt poisening, edema disease, Glasser’s, Mycoplasma arthritis, pseudorabies, trauma, Se toxicity
treatment:
ampicillin, ceftiofur, procaine penicillin, trimethoprim sulfa
prevention:
biosecurity & disease control (opportunist?)
Glasser’s Disease nursery stage piglets
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
fever, lethargy, synovitis (carpi, tarsi), meningitis
cyanosis & dyspnea (terminal)
diagnosis:
Haemophilus parasuis culture. gram (-).
fibrinous opaque fluid in cavities, joints, meninges
treatment:
parenteral antibiotics (PPG, Ceftiofur, Oxytetracycline, Ampicillin, Tulathromycin)
NSAIDS, fluids
prevention:
autogenous or commercial bacterins
reduce environmental stressors (opportunistic pathogen!)
Vit E/ Se Deficiency nursery stage piglets
presenting signs - diagnosis - treatment - prevention
presenting signs:
diagnosis:
treatment:
prevention:
