Swine Medicine: Neonatal/ Weanling Flashcards
Oxytocin Protocols
Ractopamine (beta adrenergic agonist)
hogs over 150lbs: last 4-5wks prior to slaughter increased growth rate & feed efficiency redirects energy from fat to lean muscle decreases back fat & increases loin muscle area
Swine food safety concerns
Trichinella spiralis Salmonella E. coli 0157:H7
Germicide actions
Coagulation -phenols Oxidation -bleach, peroxides Denaturation -alcohols, quaternary ammoniums
Giardia and Cryptosporidia germicides
lye & ammonia
Pet pig blood collection sites
ear & tail: under anesthesia cranial vena cava: euthanasia
Commercial pig blood collection sites
jugular: snare tail: restrained ear: hematoma risk cranial vena cava: euthanasia
Life stages
suckling: 0-3wks weanling/starter: 3-8wks grower: 8-12 wks finisher: 5.5-6 mo
Gestational length
114 +/- 2 days (3mo, 3wks, 3d)
Nursing piglet/ sow temperature range & piglet mortality
piglet: 95-100F sow: 65-75F mortality before weaning: 10%
Nursery piglet growth rate & mortality & pen size
growth rate: 0.5-0.9 lbs/day mortality: 2-2.5% 2-3 comingled litters (15-30 per pen)
Grower & finisher stage weight Finisher target weight
grower: 30-60lbs to 120-150lbs finisher: 120-150lbs to 230-270lbs finisher target: 230lbs in 175d
Gestation CL dependence length mismating protocol
entire pregnancy. induce parturition with prostaglandin PGF-2alpha on day 12-14
Farrowing signs
3-4d: vulvar swelling 24hrs: nesting, milk let down
Farrowing normal parameters
active labor < 3hrs piglets arrive 15-20min part
Dystocia management
active labor > 1hr with no piglets vaginal palpation = antibiotics lidocaine + OB lube telozol @ 0.5mg/kg if blockage, remove piglet. oxytocin after 30min
Cesarian risks
retained placents
future aggression toward piglets
abnormal future lactation
high risk of future cesarians
MMA (Mastitis Metritis Agalactia) prevention
clean during OB to decrease metritis risk
avoid constipation
limit pre-farrowing feeding to decrease production/consuption mismatch and decrease mastitis risk
MMA treatment
Antibiotics
- penicillin
- tetracyclines
- cephalosporins
NSAIDS
PGF-2 alpha
- lyse retained CL
Savaging risk factors and treatment
gilts & young sows
enviromental stressors
treatment: deep sedation & time
Chilled piglet signs
piling
prone to hypoglycemia and starvation
Chilled piglet prevention
black floor pads
solid partitions
check piglet level temperature and air speeds
Day 1 piglet management
warming box till dry
split suckling to ensure colostrum for each piglet
cross foster at end of day 1
Day 2-5 piglet management
check for underfeeding via udder & full bellies
sow causes: mastitis, metritis, constipation, birthing trauma, overheating
Piglet causes: runt, splay legged, chilled, hypoglycemic
Day 2-3 piglet processing
clip needle teeth
- teat irritation ► mastitis
- sore mouthed piglets
dock tails
- tail biting ► septicemia, ascending myelitis risk
Fe dextran shot
- 100-200mg/hd (40mg/kg day 3 & 10 in mini pig)
ear notching
castration
- surgical
- pet pig: delay 4-5mo for urogenital development
Neonatal piglet disease (GI)
ETEC
Rotaviral enteritis
TGE (transmissable gastroenteritis)
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Coccidiosis
Clostridial enteritis
Strongyloides ransomi
Neonatal piglet disease (Nutritional)
Hypoglycemia
Fe defficiency anemia
Neonatal piglet disease (Musculoskeletal)
Splay leg
Neonatal piglet disease (Multi-systemic)
- Streptococus suis*
- Hemophilus parasuis*
PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome)
Pseudorabies
