Swine Medicine: Neonatal/ Weanling

Question 1

Oxytocin Protocols

Answer 1

Question 2

Ractopamine (beta adrenergic agonist)

Answer 2

hogs over 150lbs: last 4-5wks prior to slaughter increased growth rate & feed efficiency redirects energy from fat to lean muscle decreases back fat & increases loin muscle area

Question 3

Swine food safety concerns

Answer 3

Trichinella spiralis Salmonella E. coli 0157:H7

Question 4

Germicide actions

Answer 4

Coagulation -phenols Oxidation -bleach, peroxides Denaturation -alcohols, quaternary ammoniums

Question 5

Giardia and Cryptosporidia germicides

Answer 5

lye & ammonia

Question 6

Pet pig blood collection sites

Answer 6

ear & tail: under anesthesia cranial vena cava: euthanasia

Question 7

Commercial pig blood collection sites

Answer 7

jugular: snare tail: restrained ear: hematoma risk cranial vena cava: euthanasia

Question 8

Life stages

Answer 8

suckling: 0-3wks weanling/starter: 3-8wks grower: 8-12 wks finisher: 5.5-6 mo

Question 9

Gestational length

Answer 9

114 +/- 2 days (3mo, 3wks, 3d)

Question 10

Nursing piglet/ sow temperature range & piglet mortality

Answer 10

piglet: 95-100F sow: 65-75F mortality before weaning: 10%

Question 11

Nursery piglet growth rate & mortality & pen size

Answer 11

growth rate: 0.5-0.9 lbs/day mortality: 2-2.5% 2-3 comingled litters (15-30 per pen)

Question 12

Grower & finisher stage weight Finisher target weight

Answer 12

grower: 30-60lbs to 120-150lbs finisher: 120-150lbs to 230-270lbs finisher target: 230lbs in 175d

Question 13

Gestation CL dependence length mismating protocol

Answer 13

entire pregnancy. induce parturition with prostaglandin PGF-2alpha on day 12-14

Question 14

Farrowing signs

Answer 14

3-4d: vulvar swelling 24hrs: nesting, milk let down

Question 15

Farrowing normal parameters

Answer 15

active labor < 3hrs piglets arrive 15-20min part

Question 16

Dystocia management

Answer 16

active labor > 1hr with no piglets vaginal palpation = antibiotics lidocaine + OB lube telozol @ 0.5mg/kg if blockage, remove piglet. oxytocin after 30min

Question 17

Cesarian risks

Answer 17

retained placents

future aggression toward piglets

abnormal future lactation

high risk of future cesarians

Question 18

MMA (Mastitis Metritis Agalactia) prevention

Answer 18

clean during OB to decrease metritis risk

avoid constipation

limit pre-farrowing feeding to decrease production/consuption mismatch and decrease mastitis risk

Question 19

MMA treatment

Answer 19

Antibiotics

• penicillin
• tetracyclines
• cephalosporins

NSAIDS

PGF-2 alpha

• lyse retained CL

Question 20

Savaging risk factors and treatment

Answer 20

gilts & young sows

enviromental stressors

treatment: deep sedation & time

Question 21

Chilled piglet signs

Answer 21

piling

prone to hypoglycemia and starvation

Question 22

Chilled piglet prevention

Answer 22

black floor pads

solid partitions

check piglet level temperature and air speeds

Question 23

Day 1 piglet management

Answer 23

warming box till dry

split suckling to ensure colostrum for each piglet

cross foster at end of day 1

Question 24

Day 2-5 piglet management

Answer 24

check for underfeeding via udder & full bellies

sow causes: mastitis, metritis, constipation, birthing trauma, overheating

Piglet causes: runt, splay legged, chilled, hypoglycemic

Question 25

Day 2-3 piglet processing

Answer 25

clip needle teeth

• teat irritation ► mastitis
• sore mouthed piglets

dock tails

• tail biting ► septicemia, ascending myelitis risk

Fe dextran shot

• 100-200mg/hd (40mg/kg day 3 & 10 in mini pig)

ear notching

castration

• surgical
• pet pig: delay 4-5mo for urogenital development

Question 26

Neonatal piglet disease (GI)

Answer 26

ETEC

Rotaviral enteritis

TGE (transmissable gastroenteritis)

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Coccidiosis

Clostridial enteritis

Strongyloides ransomi

Question 27

Neonatal piglet disease (Nutritional)

Answer 27

Hypoglycemia

Fe defficiency anemia

Question 28

Neonatal piglet disease (Musculoskeletal)

Answer 28

Splay leg

Question 29

Neonatal piglet disease (Multi-systemic)

Answer 29

• Streptococus suis*
• Hemophilus parasuis*

PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome)

Pseudorabies