Swine Medicine: Grower/ Finisher

Question 1

Growing- finishing disease (GI)

Answer 1

Swine dysentery
Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy (PPE)
Gastric ulcers
Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis
Salmonellosis

Question 2

Growing- finishing disease (Respiratory)

Answer 2

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Swine influenza
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Atrophoc rhinitis

Question 3

Swine Dysentery

Answer 3

clinical signs:
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
mucoid hemmoragic diarrhea. chronic & unthrifty
segmental large intestinal lesions (effecting colonic mucosal cells)
+/- pseudomembrane in colonic lumen

diagnosis:
PCR colonic mucosa/ feces
Victoria Blue 4R stain
Antibiotics may cause false (-)

treatment: $$
depopulation/ mass medication

prevention:
biosecurity. quarentine, test, treat any new stock

Question 4

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) forms

Answer 4

Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis (PIA)
--most common. "chronic PPE"
Necrotic enteritis
Terminal Ileitis
Proliferative Hemorrhagic Enteropathy (PHE)

• Lawsonia intracellularis infection
• • +synergism with E. coli & Bacteriodes vulgatis
• immunosupression critical
• segmental gross lesions. normal intervening segments

Question 5

Gastric ulcers

Answer 5

clinical signs:
3-6mo grower/ finisher
chronic ADR (common). melena.
hemmorage & sudden death

diagnosis:
erosions at pars esophagea
fresh/ digested blood in stomach & small + lg intestines

treatment:
coarse feeds (finely ground feeds & fasting disrupts stratification)
isolation to prevent bullying
human anti-ulcer meds. blood transfusions.

prevention:
mitigate risk factors (fasting, stress, ascarids causing histamine release and increased parietal cell acid sec.)

Question 6

Ascaris suum

Answer 6

hepato-tracheal lifecycle

clinical signs:
coughing, dyspnea. pneumonic pasteurellosis

prevention/ treatment:
avermectins (ivermectin), dichlorvos (atgard)

Question 7

Trichuris suis

Answer 7

clinical signs:
colitis. mucoid hemorrhagic diarrhea
indistinguishable (swine dysentery, salmonellosis, PPE)

diagnosis:
serial fecal flotations (sporadic shedding)

treatment:
atgard, fenbendazole, thiabendazole. no ivermectin.

Question 8

Salmonellosis

Answer 8

clinical signs:
fever (104-107F), lethargy, cyanosis of extremities + abdominal skin, non-hemorrhagic diarrhea, icterus
rectal stricture + abdominal distension

necropsy:
paratyphoid nodules in liver. pneumonia (S. cholerasuis), enterocolitis, diffuse necrotic enteritis

diagnosis:
culture, PCR, liver/ intestine histopahology

treatment:
antimicrobials (based on sensitivity)
NSAIDS
water + flavored water/electrolytes

prevention:
all in- all out
biosecurity
vaccination partial protection for low level challenge

Question 9

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Answer 9

RTX toxin & endotoxin producer

clinical signs:
respiratory signs. high morbidity. rapid spread (50%/d).
rapid death (within 4hrs)
case fatality 25%+

diagnosis:
rapid speading respiratory outbreak
necropsy– bilateral pneumonia esp diaphragmatic lobes, fibrin on pleural surfaces, adhesions in chronicity
FA lung sections, culture, PCR

treatment:
labeled (ceftiofur, tulathromycin)
penicilins, cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines

prevention:
quarantine + serologic testing of new stock.
medicated early weaning, age seperation, closed herd
depopulation.

Question 10

Swine infuenza

Answer 10

clinical signs:
barking cough, labored breathing, fever, conjunctivitis, epiphora, discharge.
100% morbidity, ~1% mortlity

diagnosis:
viral isolation, PCR, tiders

treatemnt/prevention:
antimicroials for 2 , vaccination, ventilation, biosecurity

Question 11

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 11

“enzootic pneumonia”

clinical signs:
chronic, persistent, intermittent coughing. deaths rare.
necropsy– hyperinflated, emphasemitous cranioventral lung fields. exudation on cut surface

diagnosis:
culture, IFA, PCR

treatment:
no beta lactams (no cell wall to target)
abx with significant slaughter findings: macrolides, tetracyclines, lincosamides, tiamulin

prevention:
decrease environmental stress
vaccination (improves feed efficiency in effected. reduced severity. not a great vacc)
medicated early weaning, SPF

Question 12

Atrophic rhinitis

Answer 12

Non-Progressive (Bordetella bronchiseptica)
-clinical signs:
nasal discharge, epiphora, sneezing. poor air increases severity

Progressive (Bordetella bronchiseptica + Pasturella multocida type D)
-clinical signs:
dermonecrotoxin = osteolysis + destructive inflammation of turbinates
nasal discharge, epiphora, sneezing, epistaxis, deviated snout. poor air increases severity.
-treatment:
difficult to reverse.
antibiotics to decrease shedding and transfer, reduce colonization, limit severity
-prevention:
improve air quality, vaccination, medicated early weaning
depopulation

Question 13

Porcine Circovirus- Associated Disease (PCVAD)

Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)

Answer 13

requires additional pathogen

clinical signs:
progressive wasting, failure to thrive, lymph node enlargement, patchy dermatitis, dyspnea, icterus.
non-responsive to antibiotics
>50% case fatality. ~15% group mortality

diagnosis:
cutaneous vasculitis
necropsy–
kidney enlargement with multifocal hemmorage
lymphoid depletion + PCV 2 antigen/ nucleic acids

prevention:
vaccination. control concomitant infection. biosecurity