Swine Flashcards
what is a teaser boar
a boar used for detecting heat, usually have hjad a vasectomy or epididectomy
what are the non productive days?
days where the sow is not pregnant or lactating
difference between abortion and stillborn?
abortion: after day 35 before day 109 fetus is expulsed
stillborn: fully matured born dead and lung do not float in water
what is special about the epididymis of the boar
the tail is dorsal
how long is the estrous cycle for pigs? what 2 main phases are there?
21 days
follicular: follicles develop, FSH and LH
luteal: CL development, progesterone, sensitive to PGF after 12 days
what are the steps leading to ovulation?
LH surge, follicle wall weakens, follicle produces more progesterone, egg expelled
proper way to do boar exposure?
start at 21-24 weeks of age, direct daily exposure, 30s/gilt/day
boars need to be 12 months old and must collect semen or mate once a week
what is “heat no service”
do not breed at first heat. leads to increased litter size and farrowing rate, but the gilt is older at first breeding and can cost more
end goal is 95% of gilts bred on 2nd heat
estrus lasts _____ in female pigs and has 3 phases which are:
36-96 hours
estrus begins: red and swollen vulva, restlness, small amounts of urine, smelling for boar
standing to boar: red vulva with watery mucus, does not stand to handler
standing to back pressure test: stands to handler and boar, vulva less red, mucus thicker and more lubricating
proper way to store pig semen
in the fridge: rotated twice daily, 16-18 degrees
why use fresh semen?
increased sperm viability and motility and decreased bacterial count
true or false: most sows are mated multiple times
true, 95% are mated at least twice
what is the “breeding” goal
breed within 15 minutes of standing heat, and if not, wait 2 hrs refractory period
how long can pig sperm and egg survive for?
egg: 8 hours
sperm: 24 hours
how long is pig gestation?
114-117 days
embyros produce estrogen signal by day 12 in order to…
redirect the PGF2 so the CL is maintained and progesterone levels are maintained
what is “regular returns”?
the pigs that didn’t get pregnant/maintain a pregnancy caused by: insemination failure, emyro loss, estrogenic mycotixins, poor timing of insemination, ovarian/uterine dysfunction, etc
early regular return is _____ and means what?
late regular reutrn is ____ and means what?
early return is 18-21 days and indicated complete failure of fertilization
late return is 21-24 days and indicates successful fertilization but unsuccessful implantation
why do we want to find the returns to estrus between days 18-25?
to minimize non preductive days and get them preggy
what is “irregular returns”?
this is >24 days and is due to: death of embyro, disease, abortions, poor nutrition
pros and cons of using oxytocin?
induces contractions, can give peri vulvar injection
over use prevents milk let down
proper way to use oxytocin for inducing birth in pigs?
wait until more than half the litter has been born, and use max 2-3 doses, or use after there’s been no piglet for 40 minutes
piglets should be born within _____ of eachother
15-20 minutes
which insemination route has the most sperm
natural 60 billion, cervical 3 billion, post cervical 1.5 billion
