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VETM 541 > SA 4 > Flashcards

SA 4 Flashcards

1
Q

when do the testes pass thru inguinal canal, reach final position in scrotum?

A

pass thru inguinal canal 3-4 days after birth

reach final position in scerotum by 35 days

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2
Q

how long does the inguinal canal remain open? what does this mean?

A

until 6 months–>free movin testes

dont make a cryptorchidism diagnosis until the animal is older than 6 months

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3
Q

puberty for a male is defined as

A

the first ejaculationt hat contains sperm

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4
Q

why do we collect semem

A

to do a breeding soundness exam, to assess fertility, for cytology and culture, and to perform AI

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5
Q

how do we collect semen from dogs?

A

manual, electro not used and unnecessary

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6
Q

how do you prep a male dog for semen collection?

A

get a swab from a dog in estrus to provide pheromones, and give GnRH to stimulate libido 60 mins before breeding and do not use testosterone

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7
Q

T or F: exposure to latex decreases sperm motility

A

true

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8
Q

how do you make a dog nut once you’ve prepped him?

A

one person hold the dog, the other one tease him like a dirty skank and expose the PP with water based lube and massage the bulbus glandis. he will indicate when hes ready by lifting 1 hind leg

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9
Q

what are the 3 fractions of semen

A

1: pre sperm fraction small volume
2: sperm rich
3: prostatic fluid

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10
Q

how many times a day will a dog nut

A

sometimes only once, but sometimes after 1 hour you can make them nut again

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11
Q

how long is spermatogenesis in the dog

A

62 days

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12
Q

normal sperm motility shoild be

A

> 80%

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13
Q

if you consider doing a semen culture, what pathogens are you looking for?

A

brucella canis, staph, strep, e coli, etc.

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14
Q

if you do an anaerobic semen culture and get a value of >10,000 colony forming unit per ml, what does this mean?

A

suggestive of a reproductive tract infection

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15
Q

the number of motile spermatozoa necessary for successful AI should be

A

> 150 million

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16
Q

what is the best kind of semen exender?

A

egg yolk based 20% ????? HUH

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17
Q

what is a bilateral orchiecomy?

A

neuter/castration

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18
Q

list 3 ways to prevent fertility in the male dog?

A
  • castration
  • sclerosing agents
  • medical suppression
19
Q

what is neuterosol? what is it used for?

A

it is a non surgical sterilant and is VERY effective! FDA approved in the US for young male puppies, but ulceration in injection site is possible and testosterone is not completely elimated!

20
Q

proper way to use neuterosol?

A

the volume to be injected is based on the testicular width

complete sterility can take up to 60 days to achieve

21
Q

what can I use to do medical suppression to prevent fertility in the male dog

A

GnRH implants (initial stim then downreg)

medrooxyprogesterone acetate only at high doses

22
Q

what is cryptorchidism

A

testicular descent does not occur by 6 months of age, one side or both. either inguinal or abdominal

more common in boxers

23
Q

cryptorchidism trait is concentrated in lines of what dog breeds?

A

cocker spaniels and mini schnauzers

24
Q

if a dog has cryptorchidism, what happens to the testicle that didn’t descend?

A

it is smaller than usual and is capable of steroidogenesis but not spermatogenesis. they are also at higher risk of neoplasia like sertoli cell tumors or seminomas

25
Q

T/F: retained tests are predisposed to neoplasia

A

T

26
Q

T or F: spermatic cord of retained testes is predisposed to torsion

A

true

27
Q

ways to diagnose cryptorchidism on PE?

A
  • history (castrated supposedly but have bad male behaviors)
  • can palpate what feels like a LN in inguinal region
  • enlarged prostate on rectal palp
28
Q

diagnostic tests to confirm cryptorchidism?

A

get a baseline blood sample, give a gnrh injection, then measure 1 hour later, and testosterone should increase

OR

test for anti mullerian hormone since it is produced uniquely by the sertoli cells and it will be more than 2 ng/L

29
Q

treatment for cryptorchidism?

A

surgery, orchipexy (no), medical treatment using gnrh (questionable) AKA JUST TAKE IT OUT BRO

30
Q

3 most common testicular neoplasias are

A

sertoli cell tumors, seminoma, leydig cell tumor

31
Q

a boxer comes to you with bilateral symmetric alopecia, pancytopenia, and is showing feminine behaviors BUT ITS A MALE DOG IN TACT, HUH? when you look at his balls you think you can palpate a mass. what kind of tumor do you think it is? what other breed of dog is predisposed to getting this tumor type?

A

a sertoli cell tumor–>produces estrogen

the most common tumor type of retained testes

weimaraners and boxers

32
Q

german shepherds are predisposed to getting what testicular neoplasm?

A

seminomas, tumor of the germ cells

33
Q

list what cell is responsible and the malignancy of each of the tumor types
sertoli cell
seminoma
interstitial/leydig

A

sertoli: sertoli cells making estrogen, low malignancy

seminoma: germ cells, low malignancy

interstitial/leydig: interstisial/leydig cells, low malignancy

34
Q

what is the pathognomic red pea and how do you treat it?

A

urethral prolapse–>surgery

35
Q

the most common prostatic disease in neutered dogs is

A

prostatic adenocarcinoma

36
Q

what happens when you treat prostatic malignant adenocarcinoma by removing the prostate

A

you can get urinary incontinece afterwards

37
Q

the canine prostate depends on

A

androgens like DHT (more potent than regular testosterone)

38
Q

what is the most common prostatic disorder

A

benign hypertrophy

39
Q

Bolt the dog comes to see you with tenesmus and hematuria. on rectal palpation he has a big prostate. differentials?

A

probs beign hyperplasia

could also be prostatitis, neoplasia, or cysts

can do a semen culture to rule out prostatitis and a biopsy to rule out neoplasia

40
Q

characteristics of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

non painful, symmetrical, enlarged prostate

can only be diagnosed 100% with biopsy

41
Q

treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

castration

finasteride (blocks 5 alpha reductase)

42
Q

with prostatitis, how do dogs get this? most common bacteria involved? who is most at risk?

A

ascension or urethral flora usually or hematogenosuly, or spread from surrounding tissues

E coli (can also be staph, strep, klebsiella)

more common in in tact animals

43
Q

how to diagnose prostatitis

A

can do urinalysis->prostatic fluid secreted constantly and drains into bladder

*if there’s an abscess, culture might come back negative

urine culture is not diagnostic but can localize where problem is

culture the ejaculate, specifically the prostatic fraction (the last bit after all the sperm has come out)

VETM 541 (20 decks)

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