SA 4

Question 1

when do the testes pass thru inguinal canal, reach final position in scrotum?

Answer 1

pass thru inguinal canal 3-4 days after birth

reach final position in scerotum by 35 days

Question 2

how long does the inguinal canal remain open? what does this mean?

Answer 2

until 6 months–>free movin testes

dont make a cryptorchidism diagnosis until the animal is older than 6 months

Question 3

puberty for a male is defined as

Answer 3

the first ejaculationt hat contains sperm

Question 4

why do we collect semem

Answer 4

to do a breeding soundness exam, to assess fertility, for cytology and culture, and to perform AI

Question 5

how do we collect semen from dogs?

Answer 5

manual, electro not used and unnecessary

Question 6

how do you prep a male dog for semen collection?

Answer 6

get a swab from a dog in estrus to provide pheromones, and give GnRH to stimulate libido 60 mins before breeding and do not use testosterone

Question 7

T or F: exposure to latex decreases sperm motility

Answer 7

true

Question 8

how do you make a dog nut once you’ve prepped him?

Answer 8

one person hold the dog, the other one tease him like a dirty skank and expose the PP with water based lube and massage the bulbus glandis. he will indicate when hes ready by lifting 1 hind leg

Question 9

what are the 3 fractions of semen

Answer 9

1: pre sperm fraction small volume
2: sperm rich
3: prostatic fluid

Question 10

how many times a day will a dog nut

Answer 10

sometimes only once, but sometimes after 1 hour you can make them nut again

Question 11

how long is spermatogenesis in the dog

Answer 11

62 days

Question 12

normal sperm motility shoild be

Answer 12

> 80%

Question 13

if you consider doing a semen culture, what pathogens are you looking for?

Answer 13

brucella canis, staph, strep, e coli, etc.

Question 14

if you do an anaerobic semen culture and get a value of >10,000 colony forming unit per ml, what does this mean?

Answer 14

suggestive of a reproductive tract infection

Question 15

the number of motile spermatozoa necessary for successful AI should be

Answer 15

> 150 million

Question 16

what is the best kind of semen exender?

Answer 16

egg yolk based 20% ????? HUH

Question 17

what is a bilateral orchiecomy?

Answer 17

neuter/castration

Question 18

list 3 ways to prevent fertility in the male dog?

Answer 18

• castration
• sclerosing agents
• medical suppression

Question 19

what is neuterosol? what is it used for?

Answer 19

it is a non surgical sterilant and is VERY effective! FDA approved in the US for young male puppies, but ulceration in injection site is possible and testosterone is not completely elimated!

Question 20

proper way to use neuterosol?

Answer 20

the volume to be injected is based on the testicular width

complete sterility can take up to 60 days to achieve

Question 21

what can I use to do medical suppression to prevent fertility in the male dog

Answer 21

GnRH implants (initial stim then downreg)

medrooxyprogesterone acetate only at high doses

Question 22

what is cryptorchidism

Answer 22

testicular descent does not occur by 6 months of age, one side or both. either inguinal or abdominal

more common in boxers

Question 23

cryptorchidism trait is concentrated in lines of what dog breeds?

Answer 23

cocker spaniels and mini schnauzers

Question 24

if a dog has cryptorchidism, what happens to the testicle that didn’t descend?

Answer 24

it is smaller than usual and is capable of steroidogenesis but not spermatogenesis. they are also at higher risk of neoplasia like sertoli cell tumors or seminomas

Question 25

T/F: retained tests are predisposed to neoplasia

Answer 25

T

Question 26

T or F: spermatic cord of retained testes is predisposed to torsion

Answer 26

true

Question 27

ways to diagnose cryptorchidism on PE?

Answer 27

- history (castrated supposedly but have bad male behaviors) - can palpate what feels like a LN in inguinal region - enlarged prostate on rectal palp

Question 28

diagnostic tests to confirm cryptorchidism?

Answer 28

get a baseline blood sample, give a gnrh injection, then measure 1 hour later, and testosterone should increase OR test for anti mullerian hormone since it is produced uniquely by the sertoli cells and it will be more than 2 ng/L

Question 29

treatment for cryptorchidism?

Answer 29

surgery, orchipexy (no), medical treatment using gnrh (questionable) AKA JUST TAKE IT OUT BRO

Question 30

3 most common testicular neoplasias are

Answer 30

sertoli cell tumors, seminoma, leydig cell tumor

Question 31

a boxer comes to you with bilateral symmetric alopecia, pancytopenia, and is showing feminine behaviors BUT ITS A MALE DOG IN TACT, HUH? when you look at his balls you think you can palpate a mass. what kind of tumor do you think it is? what other breed of dog is predisposed to getting this tumor type?

Answer 31

a sertoli cell tumor-->produces estrogen the most common tumor type of retained testes weimaraners and boxers

Question 32

german shepherds are predisposed to getting what testicular neoplasm?

Answer 32

seminomas, tumor of the germ cells

Question 33

list what cell is responsible and the malignancy of each of the tumor types sertoli cell seminoma interstitial/leydig

Answer 33

sertoli: sertoli cells making estrogen, low malignancy seminoma: germ cells, low malignancy interstitial/leydig: interstisial/leydig cells, low malignancy

Question 34

what is the pathognomic red pea and how do you treat it?

Answer 34

urethral prolapse-->surgery

Question 35

the most common prostatic disease in neutered dogs is

Answer 35

prostatic adenocarcinoma

Question 36

what happens when you treat prostatic malignant adenocarcinoma by removing the prostate

Answer 36

you can get urinary incontinece afterwards

Question 37

the canine prostate depends on

Answer 37

androgens like DHT (more potent than regular testosterone)

Question 38

what is the most common prostatic disorder

Answer 38

benign hypertrophy

Question 39

Bolt the dog comes to see you with tenesmus and hematuria. on rectal palpation he has a big prostate. differentials?

Answer 39

probs beign hyperplasia could also be prostatitis, neoplasia, or cysts can do a semen culture to rule out prostatitis and a biopsy to rule out neoplasia

Question 40

characteristics of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 40

non painful, symmetrical, enlarged prostate can only be diagnosed 100% with biopsy

Question 41

treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 41

castration finasteride (blocks 5 alpha reductase)

Question 42

with prostatitis, how do dogs get this? most common bacteria involved? who is most at risk?

Answer 42

ascension or urethral flora usually or hematogenosuly, or spread from surrounding tissues E coli (can also be staph, strep, klebsiella) more common in in tact animals

Question 43

how to diagnose prostatitis

Answer 43

can do urinalysis->prostatic fluid secreted constantly and drains into bladder *if there's an abscess, culture might come back negative urine culture is not diagnostic but can localize where problem is culture the ejaculate, specifically the prostatic fraction (the last bit after all the sperm has come out)