Camelids Flashcards
which mammary quarters produce more milk?
70% of milk produced in the front
true or false: camelid mammary glands almost never appear full
true! they dont increase in size very much before birth or during lactation
what is unique about camelid uterus?
short uterine body and short horns
what size follicles do camelids ovulate
7-12mm
how big is the typical camelid CL?
10-15mm
when are female camelids usually bred?
15-18 months when they reach 60-70% of their body weight so that birth is easier on them
true or false: camelids are seasonal
trick question, wild ones are, domestic ones are not
when are most baby cemlids born?
spring and fall
tell me about the estrous cycle of camelids
they have no estrous cycles! they have successive follicular waves instead! long periods of receptivity followed by short periods of non receptivity. follicular wave repeats until ovulation occurs.
growth, maintenance, and regre3ssion of each dominant follicle in camelids takes how long?
12 days on average
true or false: receptivity does not correlate with follicle sioze
true
how is ovulation induced in camelids?
after copulation or in response to hCG
what specific stimulus induces ovulation
penile cervical penetration, males legs on female’s back, orgling sound made by male
one breeding results in ovulation ___% of the time
75%
true or false: the number of breedings does not increase ovulation rate
true
describe field breeding for camelids
one male, several females, breeding dates are uncertain
describe pen breedinfg
one male with 2-3 females, females may be bred to frqeutnly
describe hand breeding
60 second observation period and you keep the number of breedings to a minimum–>too much breeding leads to cervical and uterine inflammation which can cause infertility and EED
when does progesterone peak for female camelids?
8-9 days after breeding, thn returns to baseline 12 days after breeding
if a female does not get pregnant, PGF 2 alpha is released when?
9-10 days after breeding
where do majority of embryos implant?
in the left horn
how long is gestation for camelids?
345 days
fertilation happens when
24-36 hours after breeding
what is unique about camelid CL
is it present for the entirety of gestation
how do you diagnose pregnancy in camelids? name two ways (without using ultrasound)
behavior testing: every 3 days for 3 weeks, every 7 days for 3 months, etc. if the female spits at the male, this means she likely has a retained CL and is more likely to be pregnant
progesterone testing: non pregnant will be less than 0.5, pregnant will be from 1.5-8 approx
how to diagnose pregnany with ultrasound in camelids both transrectal and transabomdinal
transrectal: use if less than 45 days gestation! 28 days heart beat is visibile, but can see anechoic sphere and embyro earlier (12-18 days)
transabdominal: use if more than 45 days gestation and choose the right side if more than 80 days gestation
90% of birth happen when
between 7am and 1pm
briefly describe the phases of partuition in camelids
stage 1: restlesness, anorexia, humming
stage 2: urination, defecation, getting up and down, then actual birthing
stage 3: passiing of fetal emmbranes
baby camelids should be standing within___and nursing within___
1 hour, 2 hour
retained placenta is longer than
3 hours after birth
what is post partum breeding in camelids
camelids are receptive immediately postpartum BUT breeding is not re3commended until 15-20 days after to allow for uterine involution
what kind of dick do da camels have
fibroelastic with sigmoid flexure
what is special about camel dick
they have a urethral process
what do you need in order to examine camel dick
anesthesia or artificial vagina
what is unique about camel epididymis
the tail is dorsal
which male accessory glands do camelids have
prostate and bulbourethral glands
when do male camelids reach puberty
18-36 months old
what allows protrusion of the penis from the prepuce in male camelids?
breakdown of penile adhesions at puberty
what are two ways to collect semen in camelids?
vaginal aspiration or artifical vagina
why are male camelids stupid
they cant tell between receptive females and non receptive females
how long is breeding in camelids
15-45 minutes
what is the serving capacity of a male camelid?
best studs can be bred twice daily for 7 days
