Camelids

Question 1

which mammary quarters produce more milk?

Answer 1

70% of milk produced in the front

Question 2

true or false: camelid mammary glands almost never appear full

Answer 2

true! they dont increase in size very much before birth or during lactation

Question 3

what is unique about camelid uterus?

Answer 3

short uterine body and short horns

Question 4

what size follicles do camelids ovulate

Answer 4

7-12mm

Question 5

how big is the typical camelid CL?

Answer 5

10-15mm

Question 6

when are female camelids usually bred?

Answer 6

15-18 months when they reach 60-70% of their body weight so that birth is easier on them

Question 7

true or false: camelids are seasonal

Answer 7

trick question, wild ones are, domestic ones are not

Question 8

when are most baby cemlids born?

Answer 8

spring and fall

Question 9

tell me about the estrous cycle of camelids

Answer 9

they have no estrous cycles! they have successive follicular waves instead! long periods of receptivity followed by short periods of non receptivity. follicular wave repeats until ovulation occurs.

Question 10

growth, maintenance, and regre3ssion of each dominant follicle in camelids takes how long?

Answer 10

12 days on average

Question 11

true or false: receptivity does not correlate with follicle sioze

Answer 11

true

Question 12

how is ovulation induced in camelids?

Answer 12

after copulation or in response to hCG

Question 13

what specific stimulus induces ovulation

Answer 13

penile cervical penetration, males legs on female’s back, orgling sound made by male

Question 14

one breeding results in ovulation ___% of the time

Answer 14

75%

Question 15

true or false: the number of breedings does not increase ovulation rate

Answer 15

true

Question 16

describe field breeding for camelids

Answer 16

one male, several females, breeding dates are uncertain

Question 17

describe pen breedinfg

Answer 17

one male with 2-3 females, females may be bred to frqeutnly

Question 18

describe hand breeding

Answer 18

60 second observation period and you keep the number of breedings to a minimum–>too much breeding leads to cervical and uterine inflammation which can cause infertility and EED

Question 19

when does progesterone peak for female camelids?

Answer 19

8-9 days after breeding, thn returns to baseline 12 days after breeding

Question 20

if a female does not get pregnant, PGF 2 alpha is released when?

Answer 20

9-10 days after breeding

Question 21

where do majority of embryos implant?

Answer 21

in the left horn

Question 22

how long is gestation for camelids?

Answer 22

345 days

Question 23

fertilation happens when

Answer 23

24-36 hours after breeding

Question 24

what is unique about camelid CL

Answer 24

is it present for the entirety of gestation

Question 25

how do you diagnose pregnancy in camelids? name two ways (without using ultrasound)

Answer 25

behavior testing: every 3 days for 3 weeks, every 7 days for 3 months, etc. if the female spits at the male, this means she likely has a retained CL and is more likely to be pregnant

progesterone testing: non pregnant will be less than 0.5, pregnant will be from 1.5-8 approx

Question 26

how to diagnose pregnany with ultrasound in camelids both transrectal and transabomdinal

Answer 26

transrectal: use if less than 45 days gestation! 28 days heart beat is visibile, but can see anechoic sphere and embyro earlier (12-18 days)

transabdominal: use if more than 45 days gestation and choose the right side if more than 80 days gestation

Question 27

90% of birth happen when

Answer 27

between 7am and 1pm

Question 28

briefly describe the phases of partuition in camelids

Answer 28

stage 1: restlesness, anorexia, humming
stage 2: urination, defecation, getting up and down, then actual birthing
stage 3: passiing of fetal emmbranes

Question 29

baby camelids should be standing within___and nursing within___

Answer 29

1 hour, 2 hour

Question 30

retained placenta is longer than

Answer 30

3 hours after birth

Question 31

what is post partum breeding in camelids

Answer 31

camelids are receptive immediately postpartum BUT breeding is not re3commended until 15-20 days after to allow for uterine involution

Question 32

what kind of dick do da camels have

Answer 32

fibroelastic with sigmoid flexure

Question 33

what is special about camel dick

Answer 33

they have a urethral process

Question 34

what do you need in order to examine camel dick

Answer 34

anesthesia or artificial vagina

Question 35

what is unique about camel epididymis

Answer 35

the tail is dorsal

Question 36

which male accessory glands do camelids have

Answer 36

prostate and bulbourethral glands

Question 37

when do male camelids reach puberty

Answer 37

18-36 months old

Question 38

what allows protrusion of the penis from the prepuce in male camelids?

Answer 38

breakdown of penile adhesions at puberty

Question 39

what are two ways to collect semen in camelids?

Answer 39

vaginal aspiration or artifical vagina

Question 40

why are male camelids stupid

Answer 40

they cant tell between receptive females and non receptive females

Question 41

how long is breeding in camelids

Answer 41

15-45 minutes

Question 42

what is the serving capacity of a male camelid?

Answer 42

best studs can be bred twice daily for 7 days