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ASCI 1 > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

How many hogs are there worldwide?

A

700 million

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2
Q

How many hogs are in the US

A

72 million

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3
Q

US Pork consumption per person/per year

A

66 lbs

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4
Q

Average litter size?

A

11.03 (was 8 in 1993)

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5
Q

Farrowing

A

the act of giving birth in swine

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6
Q

How may times do swine birth per year

A

2 time, optimal is 3

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7
Q

What country produces the most pig heads?

A

china (450 million)

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8
Q

Us producing hog numbers?

A

77 million heads, 12.5 mil tons

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9
Q

Top 5 Producing States

A

Iowa, Minnesota, N Carolina, Illinois, Indiana

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10
Q

Young female pig that has not had a litter?

A

gilt

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11
Q

young pig that was just born

A

piglet

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12
Q

group of piglets

A

litter

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13
Q

Feed efficiancy of pigs

A

3 lbs / 1lb gained

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14
Q

Pig ration

A

majority corn based with soybean meal (energy)

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15
Q

Market weight

A

250 lbs.

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16
Q

Market Age

A

5-6 months

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17
Q

Average dressing percentage

A

72%

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18
Q

Dressing Percentage

A

the carcass with heads and organs remvoed

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19
Q

simple stomach thats 1

A

Monogastric System

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20
Q

Different Operations

A

Farrow to Finish
Breeding to Farrow
Nursery to Finish

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21
Q

Gestation Length

A

114 days or 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days

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22
Q

Estrus

A

24-72 hourss

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23
Q

Estrous

A

21 days, year round

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24
Q

When are gilts bred?

A

7-8 months old

25
Q

What are farrowinjg crates for?

A

Protecting of the sow and piglets, less stressful and takes care of them

26
Q

Ear Notching

A

Right Ear - litter number (1,3,9,27,81)
Left Ear - pig number (1,3,9)

27
Q

sharp canine like teth, so they cut and snap them off

A

Clipping Needle Teeth

28
Q

cut the tail so it curves over back

A

Tail Docking

29
Q

Iron shot because most are often anemic

A

Fe Shot

30
Q

Maternal Lines

A

white color, maternal traits

31
Q

Terminal Lines

A

colored breeds, males

32
Q

originated in chester county, PA
white body
droopy, medium sized ears
mothering ability, durability
superior muscle quality

A

Chester White

33
Q

long bodied
white body
droopy ears
females are heavy milkers and large piglets
cross breed well

A

Landrace

34
Q

most popular in US
white body with erect ears
high proportion of lean meat and low back fat
sound and durable

A

Yorkshire

35
Q

fast and efficient
black with white markings around legs, snout, ears
high reproductive efficiency

A

Berkshire

36
Q

2nd most popular breed in US
light to dark red bodied
drooping ears
known for product quality, carcass yeild, fast-growth and lean-gain efficiency

A

Duroc

37
Q

“belted” black and white
lean muscle, high carcas quality, minimal back fat
large loin eyes

A

Hampshire

38
Q

large frame
long bodied
lean and heavily muscled

A

Poland China

39
Q

large, black and white spots
good feed efficiency, rate of grain, carcass quality

A

Spotted

40
Q

Production Stages

A

Farrowing, Weaning/Nursery, Feeder Pigs, Market Hogs, Breed/Replacements

41
Q

Farrowing Production Stage

A

some vertical integration but mainly only focus in this specific area
Focused on the piglets, some breeding but mostly giving birth and the piglets

42
Q

Weaning/Nursery Production Stage

A

growing the piglets focus
fed in nursery on starter feed
sorted by groups; breed, sex, color
controlled environment; temperature, humidity, air flow
fed until 50-60 lbs

43
Q

Piglet Weaning Weight and Age

A

13-15 lbs
21-28 days

44
Q

Is starter feed the most expensive?

A

Yes, high amounts of protein and energy

45
Q

Feeder Pigs Production Stage

A

stocker/feedlot stage of swine
start at 50 lbs.
Major Industry in CA (Roaster, Asian Markets)

46
Q

Market Hogs of Production Stages

A

get them ready for market or keep them steady
year round market, certain price increases around thanksgiving, christmas and easter

47
Q

Market weight and age

A

250 lbs
6-8 months

48
Q

Breeding/Replacements Production Stage

A

breeding and focus on crossbreeding
Identify potential problems
biosecurity taken very seriously, have specific employees for certain parts, boots, etc
Cant get rid of viruses can only tame the responses

49
Q

Expected Progeny Differences (EPD’s)

A

a card explaining the quality of the fathers specialties and how it affects the boar and its records

50
Q

Blind Teats

A

teat that looks like it would produce milk but doesn’t

51
Q

When are gilts bred?

A

7-8 months (farrow at a year)

52
Q

Farrowing Schedule

A

Day 1 breed, Day 115 Farrow, Day 143 Wean, Day 147 Rebreed, Day 362 Farrow, Day 290 Wean, Day 295 ReBreed, etc

53
Q

Prop 12

A

no gestation crates/stalls
no farrowing crates
stopped vertical integreation
waste management
increased price in sandwich meats
tried to change the farms that sell in CA but instead they no longer sell here cause too many regulations
each hog needs 24 ft of space
changes long and expensive

54
Q

Pork Grading System

A

Loin eye area
10th rib backfat
Pork grading numbers

55
Q

Pork Grading Numebrs

A

Thick - 3.0
Average - 2.5-2.0
Skinny - 1.5-1

56
Q

Percent Fat-Free Lean

A

industry pricing based off this
uses fat-o-meter to determine percentage

57
Q

Quality is based on;

A

marbling, firmness, color

58
Q

Quality Standards

A

PSE - pale, soft, exudative (caused by PSS)
RFN - reddish, firm, non-exudative (ideal)
DFD - dark, red, dry (caused by stress in market hogs)

59
Q

Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)

A

genetic, don’t handle stress well, doesn’t hold water well (exudative), transport in the dark

ASCI 1 (10 decks)

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