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ASCI 1 > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

Poultry Species

A

chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea fowl, pigeons, peafowl, emu, ostrich

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2
Q

Industry Transformation

A

was a cottage industry, now a dynamic, fully coordinated (vertically integrated) system of production, processing, and marketing

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3
Q

Why vertical integration?

A

Biosecurity
control the cost of feed

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4
Q

Production Breakdown

A

feed mills, hatcheries, processing plants, transportation

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5
Q

Cali Industry Value

A

Economic Impact - $1 billion (6th largest in state)
Total Jobs in CA is 25,000 but 7,000 alone in central valley
113.4 lbs. consumed per person in August
#1 protein consumed in US
eaten at fast foods, frozen foods, etc

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6
Q

CA Chickens

A

eat more than any other state, 3 bil lbs a year
(more than 30 chickens per person)
CA is ranked 11th, 250 broilers
97% CA chickens are sold in CA and west coast
Sells more “fresh (never frozen)” chicken than other states
#1 protien purchased
1st certified organic chicken in the nation

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7
Q

CA Turkeys

A

210 mill lbs.
per capita is 21 lbs. nation is 17 lbs.
CA ranks 7th

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8
Q

Poultry Producing States

A

located south of the nation

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9
Q

Chicken Breeds

A

Meat - muscle, larger breast meat and fat legs
Egg - more feminine

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10
Q

Broilers

A

male and female chickens

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11
Q

Important Meat Bird Consumption Characteristics

A

picking quality (ability to eat)
white color plumage (feathers)
egg production (continue genetic lines)
fertility
hatchability (how easy they get out)
growth rate (grow fast)
carcass quality (not too much fat)
feed efficiency (most feed efficient in animals)
livability

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12
Q

Egg Producers Production Characterisitcs

A

egg # produced (youngest hatcher gives most eggs)
eggshell quality
egg size (grades)
efficiency of production
hatchability
fertility

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13
Q

Sexual Maturity of Chickens

A

20 weeks

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14
Q

Sexual Maturity of Turkeys

A

30 weeks

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15
Q

Egg laying cycle - chickens

A

18 weeks

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16
Q

egg laying cycle - turkeys

A

25 weeks

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17
Q

chickens produce how many eggs

A

150

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18
Q

turkeys produce how many eggs

A

90

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19
Q

How are chickens mated?

A

all natural (1 male to 12 females)

20
Q

How are turkeys mated?

A

All A.I. males are too aggresive

21
Q

Incubation of chicken eggs

A

18-21 days

22
Q

Incubation of turkey eggs

A

25-28 days

23
Q

Quantitative Traits

A

most important yet most difficult to select and least predictable
low-medical heritability

24
Q

Qualitative Traits

A

least important economically
genetically more predictable and highly heritable

25
Q

Fancy Breeds of Chickens

A

for exihibition

26
Q

Classifications of Chicken Breeds

A

class, breed, variety

27
Q

Class

A

group of birds that was developed in the same geographical location
5 Classes - American, Asiatic, English, Mediterranean, Continental

28
Q

Breed

A

subdivision of class, same physical features
Body size, shape, skin color, # of toes, feathered shanks

29
Q

Variety

A

animals with feather colors, comb type, presence or absence of beards or muffs

30
Q

Ducks

A

White Pekin - most valuable meat, excellent carcasses at 7-8 weeks
Can get too big and leads to leg issues and walking problems

31
Q

Feeding and Management

A

MOST IMPORTANT - ventilation and temperature (need a house inside)
poor ventilation and overheating can cause bird blindness and severe respiratory diseases (bronchitis or airsacculitis)
less than optimal will be costly
light sensitive (more light=more growth)

32
Q

Feed Conversion

A

1.75 lbs per 2lbs of feed

33
Q

Starter Feed

A

22-24% protein up to 28% for turkeys

34
Q

Grower Feed

A

18-20% protein

35
Q

Finisher Feed

A

16% protein

36
Q

How much does feed account for?

A

70% of total production costs, same for every industry

37
Q

Biosecurity

A

measures taken to reduce chances of spreading dieseases

38
Q

Biosecurity Measures

A

vaccinations - degrade quality of meat, bruises and contaminate the meat
Precautions - was vehicles, wear head-to-toe tiw vex suit, foot washes

39
Q

Freno State Unit

A

contract broiler facility - raise chickens for meat
holds 20,000 per flock about 6 flocks per year
student run
high rate of employment after internship

40
Q

Market Weight

A

broiler = meat burner (6-7 lbs)

41
Q

Broiler Belt

A

on southeast coast: majority of the area is for poultry production

42
Q

Carcas Grading

A

looking for defects
missing parts; usually wings
broken bones
disjoints
exposed flesh

43
Q

Egg Consumption

A

Earlobes = color of eggshell
2020 - 286 per capita (recession and prop 12)

44
Q

Top 5 Egg Producing States

A

Iowa, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Texas

45
Q

Layer Population

A

30% cage-free (go whenever)
7% are organically certified, 23% are cage-free
rest of 70% are conventional

46
Q

Egg Utilization

A

measure by case about 30 dozen eggs
exports are 8 mil case
foodservice shell eggs
fruther processing
retail shell eggs are most utilized

47
Q

Egg Grading

A

stain, dirt, foreign material, egg-shape, shell texture, ridges, shell tickness, body checks
Candling - hold egg to light to see through
check air cells or cracks in shell
AA egg is round and puffy
A medium roundness
water and thin

ASCI 1 (10 decks)

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