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ASCI 1 > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

Global population

A

59 million head

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2
Q

Top 5 Country’s

A

USA, Mexico, Brazil, Mongolia, China

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3
Q

Uses of horses

A

meat and labor

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4
Q

Horse Inventory Top 5 States

A

Texas, Florida, CA, Kentucky, Oklahoma

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5
Q

Horse Racing

A

1 spectatot sport and betting sport globally

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6
Q

Mare

A

female more than 3 years

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7
Q

Filly/Colt

A

less than 3 years

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8
Q

Weaning

A

weaning from momP

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9
Q

Pony

A

less than 14 hands height

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10
Q

Hands Measurement

A

4 inches, measurement

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11
Q

Past uses of horses

A

meat, entertainment, transportation (riding, carriages), ranch work/labor (move cows), calvalry, sport

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12
Q

Current uses

A

leisure (recreation), large # of backyard horses and recreational trail ride, large # of competition horses

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13
Q

Selections

A

performance, genetics, conformation/appeareance, temperament

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14
Q

Present day horse numbers

A

9.2 million horses
recreation - 7.2 million
showing - 2.7m
other - 1.8m
racing - 844k
horses are in every state, but 45 states have at least 20,000

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15
Q

Economic Impact

A

Effect of $39B annually (102B with multipliers)
$1.9B in taxes to all levels of government
701,946 people employed
460,000 full-time equivalent jobs

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16
Q

Involvement

A

4.6 million are involved in industry (tens of millions more are spectators)
2M horse owners (dont have to be rich)
34% income less than $50k
28% income less over $100k
45% of owners have an income of $25-75k

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17
Q

Movement of horses

A

Extra-pyramidial, only horses neck and head are pyramidial

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18
Q

Extra-Pyramidial

A

circuit (spinal cord), coarse all-in-one control
makes it hard for horses to change its natural gaits and movements
half-pass only possible by total coordination

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19
Q

Pyramidial

A

very delicate movement control
humans have this

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20
Q

5 Natural Gaits of Horses

A

Walk, Trot/Jog, Canter/Lope, Gallop/Run, Back

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21
Q

Walk

A

Flat footed, 4 mph
4 feet hit the ground individually; 4 beats

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22
Q

Trot/Jog

A

9mph (fastest was 30, standardbred)
paired diagonals hit the ground together; 2 beats

23
Q

Canter/Lope

A

12-25 mph
pair hit the ground together; other 2 are independent
3 beats

24
Q

Gallop/Run

A

15-18 mph (fastest was 36 mph - thoroughbred, 40 mph, quarter horse)
fastest canter; 4 beats

25
Q

Semi-Natural Gates of Horses

A

running walk, fox trot, pace, slow gait, rack, single foot, paso

26
Q

What horses compete in today

A

race, calvary, ranch, judged events from older uses

27
Q

Race Horses

A

flat tracks, steeplechases, harness racing

28
Q

Calvary Exercises

A

dressage, jumping, eventing

29
Q

Ranch Work

A

roping, reining, cutting and other cow classes, rodeo events

30
Q

Judged events from Older Uses

A

hunter, western pleasure, saddleseat

31
Q

Types of Horses

A

Hot blood, cold bloods, warm bloods

32
Q

Hot Blood

A

quarter horses, thoroughbred, Arabian, etc
bred for quick movements

33
Q

Cold Bloods

A

bred for draft work, draft breedsW

34
Q

Warm Bloods

A

sport horse breed (mixture)

35
Q

How many horse breeds?

A

300

36
Q

Unregistered horse

A

grade

37
Q

originally bred for sprinting short distances
fastest over a quarter mile (name)
asociation is the largest breed registry in the world (3.2 m)
Quarter horse are known for versatality
offer both western and huntseat events

A

Quarter Horse

38
Q

developed for distance
longer, leaner muscle patterns
popular for hunter/jumper events and eventing

A

Thoroughbred

39
Q

oldest known breed for riding horse
evolved in the Middle Eastern deserts
large hung capacity and endurance
dished face, tail that starts at top of spine
both competitve endurance and show

A

Arabian

40
Q

bred to be work horses
generally heavier in bone and muscle
large, coarse features

A

draft breeds

41
Q

cross between a hot blood and cold blood
originated in Europe
developed their own identity with numerous breeds
holstiens, dutch, honvarian
popular for dressage and jumpin

A

Warm Bloods

42
Q

Donkeys

A

member of horse family
62 chromosones instead of 64

43
Q

Mules

A

male donkey crossed with female horse
sterile

44
Q

Hinney

A

female donkey crossed with male horse
sterile

45
Q

Color Patterns

A

bay, chestnut, brown, blacl, grey, buckskin, palomino, roan, appaloosa, pinto

46
Q

Where do we keep horses?

A

Stalls - have to exercise, ride them, turn them out, clean stall
Pasture - may have to clean
Combo - bring them in at night, out during the day

47
Q

Digestive System of Horses

A

non-ruminants hindgut fat fementer
benefits of both monogastric and ruminant
designed to be continous grazers/eaters

48
Q

Foregut

A

stomach and small intestines
acid hydrolysis and enzymatic digestion

49
Q

Hindgut

A

cecum, colon
microbial fermentation (VFA product) and water reabsorption
ONLY HORSES HAVE A CECUM; has a microorganism that breaks down fiber and makes microbial protein that they can reuse

50
Q

Industry Basics

A

measure horses by hands
measure from ground to the top of the withers
14-2 hands is 58 inches
ponies are anything under 14-2
horses are anything over 14-2

51
Q

gestation period

A

11 months

52
Q

How long do horses live?

A

late 20’s early 30’s

53
Q

Horse Slaughter

A

banned in 2007
still 80,000 are killed and sent to Mexico/Canada
any wild, sick, or injured horses

ASCI 1 (10 decks)

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