Sweet Wines and Fortified Wines Flashcards
Banyuls - Southern France
Grenache Noir, which must comprise at least 50% of the blend.
Grand Cru selections, which are only produced in the best vintages, must contain at least 75% Grenache and spend a minimum of 30 months aging in oak. Other varieties used include Carignan, Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Malvoisie, Muscat à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie
Southern Rhone Styles
R 1
L 1
R 4
Rhone
- Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
Languedoc
- Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois
Roussillon
- Banyuls
- Maury
- Rivesaltes
- Muscat de Rivesaltes
Styles:
ambré, blanc tuilé, grenat hors d’âge récolte, vendange or vintage rancio
ambré, blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu and Muscat
tuilé, great: 75% Grenache Noir, with possible additions of Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris and Macabeu (maximum of 10%)
récolte, vendange or vintage: 12 months in an airtight environment, making them a nonoxidative style of VDN
rancio: oxidized in open air environment.
hors d’age: requires at least five years of aging in an oxidative environment, resulting in wines with mature aromas and flavors, great depth and long cellaring potential.
Maury
Ambré and blanc styles are produced from white-fleshed grapes like Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu and Muscat (maximum of 20%), while tuilé and grenat styles are made from a minimum of 75% Grenache Noir, with possible additions of Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris and Macabeu (maximum of 10%).
Rivesaltes
Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Grenache Noir and Macaque. Rivesaltes ambré can also incorporate Muscat, but the variety must not represent more than 20% of the blend.. Also made in Rosé.
Languedoc-Roussillon Muscats
Muscat de Frontignan, Muscat de Saint Jean de Minervois, Muscat de Lunel, Muscat de Mireval and Muscat de Rivesaltes
What are the grapes used?
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains in all, (tropical, citrusy).
Rivesaltes uses Muscat d’alexandria that contributes notes of ripe fruits and white flowers
Muscat de Beaumes de Venise
Muscat de Beaumes de Venise may be made only from Muscat à Petits Grains, but the grape skins may be either golden (blanc) or dark (noir).
Rasteau
VDN Rasteau must contain at least 90% Grenache Noir, but many eschew other varieties entirely. The wines are Port-like, combining sweetness with soft tannins, dark plum and berry fruit and hints of raisin and cocoa, but they lack the aging potential of vintage Ports and are best consumed young.
Sherry, Jerez, Xérés
3 soils
3 grapes
3 barrel names/functions
4 biological-aging styles
2 oxidative-aging styles
3 soils
3 grapes
palomino
Pedro Ximenez
Moscatel
3 barrel names/functions:
Añada - new wines
Criadera - young
Solera - almost there!
4 biological-aging styles
Fino - under layer of flor, dry, tangy
Manzanilla - coast of Sanlucar de Barrameda - flor intact
Amontillado - flor is compromised, earthy and nutty
Palo Cortado - flor compromised, unexplainable mutation to richness and delicacy
2 oxidative-aging styles
oloroso - oxidized, aged, spicy, full-bodied and dark
Cream Sherry - sweetened with pedro ximinez or moscatel
Madeira
estufagem
Canteiro
5 main grapes/styles
Never Say Sorry, Mr. Bean
estufagem - steel tanks to convection-heat wine to caramelize - emulate the voyage to the New World
Canteiro best wines aged in casks in attics
5 main grapes
Negra Mole
Sercial - dry
Special Verdelho - dry, semi-dry, end of fermentation
Malvasia (Malmsey)
Bual, Buol, - sweet, beginning of fermentation
Port
process, abv %
fermentation stopped 1/3 of sugar converted to alcohol
Ruby
Late-bottled vintage
Vintage
Singe-Quinta
process, abv %
fermentation stopped 1/3 of sugar converted to alcohol
aguardente fortifies to 19-22%
Ruby: straight to bottle
Late-bottled vintage: 4-6 years in cask
Vintage - best
Singe-Quinta single-vineyard
Important Port Vintages
2007-2009
2011
2015
