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Praxis/Comps > Swallowing/Voice/ > Flashcards

Swallowing/Voice/ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cul-de-Sac resonance?

A

Produced by backward retraction of the tongue
Tongue blocks some of the sound waves generated by the larynx and voice sounds muffled or hollow
- Deaf people and those with neurological disorders

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2
Q

Describe Hypernasality (excessive nasality)

A

Person speaks with insufficient intraoral pressure

Impacts fricatives, affricates and stops - weak

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3
Q

Causes of Hypernasality

A

Cleft palate/inadequate cleft repairs
Submucous cleft of the soft or hard palate
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI)

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4
Q

Causes of VPI

A
  • decreased muscle mass of velum
  • adeinectomy or tonsillectomy (these masses can help compensate for an inadequate velopharyngeal system)
  • paresis or paralysis of the velum (reduces mobility)
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5
Q

Causes of Hyponasality ( lack of appropriate nasal resonance on nasal sounds)

A
  • colds
    -allergies
  • obstruction of nasal cavity
  • enlarged adenoids or tonsils (common in children)
  • deviated septum
    NASOMETER CAN BE USED TO ASSESS
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6
Q

Rate control devices, biofeedback and AAC are not relevant in the treatment of ______

A

Apraxia of Speech

- A metronome would be the best prosthetic management for AOS

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7
Q

The _____________ is involved in preprogramming movement sequences already in motor memory

A

Supplementary motor area (SMA)

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8
Q

The ______________ is the memory bank for skilled motor activities already learned

A

Premotor cortex

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9
Q

Function of Pons, Midbrain, Medulla, oblongata

A

Pons - Relays impulses between the motor cortex and the cerebellum
Midbrain - Visual and auditory reflexes
Medulla oblongata- regulates vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing and sneezing

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve would be responsible for contributing to shoulder weakness and head drooping, which may have an effect on resonance

A

Spinal Accessory

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11
Q

The hypoglossal nerve innervates all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except the ______

A

Palatoglossus

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12
Q

Tidal Volume (TV)

A

exhaled/inhaled during respiration

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13
Q

Vital Capacity

A

volume that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation

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14
Q

Inspiratory/Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

IRV can be inhaled above TV

ERV can be exhaled below TV

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15
Q

Residual Volume

A

remains in lungs after maximum exhalation

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16
Q

What is the dipper swallow?

A

Bolus is held on the floor of the mouth and picked up with tongue in oral stage (used for adults 60+)

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17
Q

WHAT IS FREQUENCY PERTURBATION?

A

Jitter - variations in vocal frequency

Patients w/ tremor or hoarseness will sho large amounts of jitter

18
Q

WHAT IS AMPLITUDE PERTURBATION?

A

Shimmer - cycle-to-cycle variations in vocal intensity
Patients with a rough voice (irregular VF vibration) show large amounts of shimmer
> 1dB of variation across vibratory cycles

19
Q

What are the causes of diplophonia?

A

“Double voice” - different frequencies

A client with a unilateral polyp may have diplophonia

20
Q

What is Electormyography used for?

A

To determine vocal fold pathology

Varifying excessive muscle activity in patients with spasmodic dysphonia

21
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

Localized inflammatory, vascular lesion, usually composed of granular tissue in a firm, round sac
- cased by vocal abuse, intubation durign surgery, injury to larynx, GERD, contact ulcers

22
Q

What is hemangioma?

A

Blood filled, soft, pliable sacs

23
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

Thin white patches on surface membrane of mucosa

24
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Pinkish lesion that can appear in oral cavity, larynx, or pharynx

25
Q

What is laryngomalacia?

A

“floppy cartilages” - causes stridor

26
Q

What is laryngeal web?

A

membrane that grows across the anterior portion of the glottis
- congenital or acquired

27
Q

Nodules are typically _______

A

bilateral

  • result from prolonged vocal abuse
  • treated by voice therapy and surgery
28
Q

Contact ulcers are seen in ________

A

Hard-driving patients who speak forcefully and talk excessively - frequently sound hoarse
- surgery is not recommended

29
Q

Client has been referred because of difficulties associated with partial submucous cleft palate accompanied by bifid uvula. You can probably expect to find:

A

Hypernasality accompanied by decreased intraoral pressure, leading to difficulties with adequate production of fricatives, affricates and plosives

30
Q

The suprahyoid laryngeal muscles (elevators) are _______

A

digastrics, geniohyoids, mylohyoids, stylohyoids, hyoglossus and genioglossus

31
Q

What is the injection method?

A

Type of esophageal speech in which the patient impounds air in the oral cavity, pushes it back into the esophagus, and vibrates the cricopharyngeus muscle.

32
Q

What therapy would you provide to a patient with a damaged recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Strategies to improve vocal fold adduction

33
Q

The Blom-Singer prosthetic device is used by laryngectomees to _______

A

shunt the air from the trachea to the esophagus so that the patient can speak on pulmonary air entering the esophagus

34
Q

Patients with spasmodic dysphonia can be treated using _______

A

CO2 laser surgery, recurrent laryngeal nerve resection, BOTOX, voice therapy or a combination of these

35
Q

Sound spectrography can be used to ________

A

obtain quantitative measures of voice

36
Q

Mendelsohn maneuver

A

Elevate the larynx, widen cricopharyngeal opening, hold laryngeal elevation during swallowing

37
Q

Effortful swallow

A

Increase posterior motion of tongue and increase pharyngeal pressure

38
Q

Supraglottic swallow vs. super supraglottic swallow

A

supra - close airway at the level of the VF to prevent aspiration
super-supra - close airway before and during swallow

39
Q

Apraxia of speech is often associated with lesions in

A

Broca’s area

40
Q

Parkinson’s disease speech and general presentation

A

Monopitch, harsh breathy voice, short rushes of speech, imprecise consonants, respiratory problems

Mask-like face, slow voluntary movements, tremors in resting muscles, disturbed posture

41
Q

Respiratory symptoms of dysarthria

A

Forced inhalations and exhalations which interrupt speech

Praxis/Comps (7 decks)

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