More Practive Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of using the chewing technique in the treatment of voice disorders?

A

Reducing tension in the laryngeal area

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2
Q

Ms. Badea, a 55-year-old woman with dysphagia, has a delayed swallowing reflex. Which of the following is a technique that most often is useful for temporary remediation of such a delayed swallowing reflex?

A

Thermotactile stimulation

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3
Q

Which of the following is the most common phonological problem later evidenced by children with a history of otitis media during the first two years of life?

A

Stridency deletion

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4
Q

Of the following, which is generally the most appropriate treatment with a laryngectomy?

A

Restoration of oral communication

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5
Q

A speech-language pathologist is planning treatment for a 5-year-old child with multiple speech-production errors. The most effective strategy for this child would
be for the clinician to:

A

Delineate phonological processes in operation and address them through minimal-contrast pairs

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6
Q

Which of the following statements most accurately compares the cognitive problems of children with brain injuries with the cognitive problems of children with learning disabilities?

A

Children with brain injuries tend to have greater difficulty managing their deficits.

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7
Q
Ms. Martine, age 69, receives speech-language treatment in her home for aphasia secondary to a 
cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Medicare is reimbursing the home health care agency for Ms. Martine’s speech-language treatments. In order to ensure that reimbursements continue, it is necessary that the speech-language pathologist perform an assessment and write a treatment plan....
A

that is signed my Ms. Martine’s physician every nine weeks as long as treatments are necessary

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8
Q

Treatment for apraxia of speech most appropriately emphasizes

A

auditory-visual stimulation, oral-motor repetition, and phonetic placement

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9
Q

A 32-year-old man is diagnosed as having a moderate fluency disorder. Which of the following, if true for this client, would be the factor indicating the most favorable prognosis for treatment?

A

He has recently graduated from college and is preparing to seek employment.

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10
Q

Immediately following removal of a benign tumor at the base of the brain, a 76-year-old client exhibits severe nasalization and a weak, breathy voice. A four-month postsurgical assessment reveals no improvement. At this time, the remediation strategy for this client
should focus on

A

evaluation for prosthetic and/or surgical intervention

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11
Q

Which of the following is the ratio of reinforcement that would most quickly cause a newly acquired behavior to be habituated?

A

A random ratio of tokens to correct responses

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12
Q

For which of the following conditions is it most appropriate for the speech-language pathologist to recommend to the patient’s primary-care physician referral of the patient to a prosthodontist for construction of a palatal lift

appliance?

A

Flaccid paralysis of the soft palate

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13
Q

Which of the following is true of the terms “agent” and “subject” as they are used to describe language?

A

They should be kept distinct, because whether something is an agent depends on semantics, whereas
whether something is a subject depends on syntax.

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14
Q

Mr. Leone is an 82-year-old man with dysphagia. He is fed via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube because he is at risk for aspiration of thin liquids. From a modified barium swallow study, it was determined that he has laryngeal penetration for nectar-thick liquids in amounts greater than one teaspoonful. Mr. Leone’s daily hydration needs would be best met by

A

PEG tube primarily

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15
Q

An adult client exhibits visuospatial disorganization, an inability to initiate interactions, unilateral neglect, and lack of facial expression. This combination of behaviors is best associated with which of the following?

A

Right-hemisphere traumatic brain injury

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16
Q

A dysfluent 4-year-old child is referred for assessment. In deciding whether the child is developmentally nonfluent or is stuttering, the speech-language pathologist would appropriately assign greatest importance to which of the following?

A

The nature and frequency of the child’s repetitions

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT useful for the assessment of swallowing ability?

A

Gastrostomy

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18
Q

A child repeatedly inserts an inappropriate sound in certain environments, for example [fpish] for [fish]. Which of the following would likely be most helpful for this child as a target for treatment?

A

Words containing combinations of phonemes that are similar in place and manner to those into which the child makes the inappropriate insertion

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19
Q

It is most appropriate for the speech-language pathologist to treat hyperadduction of the vocal folds by having the client

A

use light and gentle vocal-fold contacts

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20
Q

A speech-language pathologist evaluated a 5-year-old boy presenting with microcephaly, a large mouth with thick lips, microdontia, and limited joint movement. The child was friendly and talkative and used good syntax, but he displayed some perseveration when using colloquial expressions. The speech-language pathologist’s most appropriate conclusions and recommendations are that the child

A

might be exhibiting symptoms of Williams syndrome; therefore, he should receive a cognitive evaluation, and his family should be given counseling

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21
Q

Which of the following would provide the most important diagnostic information when a speech-language pathologist is making a differential diagnosis between developmental apraxia of speech and flaccid dysarthria in a child?

A

A history of the child’s development of chewing, eating, and swallowing

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22
Q

Prostheses such as those developed by Blom-Singer or Panje help the client with laryngectomy to produce sound by

A

shunting air from the trachea to the esophagus to be used much like regular esophageal speech

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23
Q

Which of the following is a type of perturbation that can be measured to determine the amount of noise in the
voice?

A

F0 cycle-to-cycle variations in period over time

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24
Q

An otolaryngologist has referred a 45-year-old man for voice treatment following medialization throplasty for a paralyzed vocal fold. Of the following, which is the most appropriate therapeuting strategy for the speech-language pathologist to take?

A

Assist the patient to produce a hard glottal attack

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25
Q

What symptoms are associated with Frontotemporal dementia associated with Pick’s disease

A

Uninhibited and inappropriate social behavior, excessive eating, depression, impaired judgment, and dominant language problems, with better-preserved memory and orientation

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26
Q

You are working with Devin, a 9-year-old boy with an orofacial myofunctional disorder (OMD). Devin has been referred by his orthodontist because orthodontia is not effective due to Devin’s problems accompanying the OMD. You have been asked to evaluate Devin and provide remediation, if needed. Which one of the following most accurately describes the situation you will probably encounter?

A

During Devin’s speech production, his tongue may exert some force against his front teeth and he will probably have a deviant swallow as well as articulation errors involving /s/, /z/, and others.

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27
Q

A 15-year-old high school sophomore with th/s substitution comes to you for therapy. She is frustrated because she wants to act in high school plays but has been told she cannot do this because of her “speech problem.” She is highly motivated to produce /s/ correctly, and you begin seeing her for therapy. If you are using Van Riper’s approach, what will you do?

A

Focus on phonetic placement, auditory discrimination, and drill-like practice at increasingly complex motor levels until accurate /s/ production is automatized

28
Q

You have been asked to give an in-service to a group of students who wish to eventually specialize in service delivery to children with cleft palates and their families. The students want to know detailed information about in utero development of the hard and soft palate (among other things). You can accurately tell them that in utero the hard palate fuses between which developmental ages?

A

8-9 weeks

29
Q

ASHA (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) regulates professional practice in speech–language pathology and audiology by specifying the scope of practice. According to the existing scope-of-practice documents, which of the following statements is false?

A

ASHA does not allow infant feeding by speech–language pathologists (SLPs)

30
Q

You are working closely with an orthodontist who frequently refers children to your private practice. Many of these children have protrusion of the maxilla and retrusion of the mandible accompanied by a condition in which the upper teeth from the molars forward are positioned excessively anterior to the lower teeth. What do these children have?

A

A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

31
Q

Consonants and vowels have certain distinct characteristics. Of the following statements, which one accurately distinguishes the two classes of speech sounds?

A

Vowels form the nucleus of syllables, whereas consonants release and arrest syllables.

32
Q

In treating the communication deficits of a young adult with traumatic brain injury, you would do which of the following?

A

Withhold attention from irrelevant and inappropriate responses

33
Q

You are watching an experienced clinician conduct swallowing therapy for a 68-year-old woman with dysphagia. You note that the clinician teaches the patient to tilt her head forward while swallowing and to switch between liquid and semisolid swallows, and applies gentle pressure on one side of the thyroid cartilage during the swallow. This kind of treatment is appropriate for the disorders of which of the following phases?

A

Pharyngeal phase

34
Q

Do you need to have an injury to Broca’s area to have Broca’s aphasia?

A

Injury to Broca’s area is not essential to have Broca’s aphasia.

35
Q

As you evaluate the language of an eighth-grade boy, Derek, and listen to him talk about his hobbies and interests, he says things such as “I like to play football, and I also like Mario Cart Wii” and “My football team won the championship last Saturday; later, we celebrated at a pizza place.” What has Derek just used?

A

Compound sentences containing two independent clauses

36
Q

A school-based clinician is assessing the velopharyngeal adequacy of Angelina, a 14-year-old immigrant high school student from Bali. Angelina was born with a cleft palate and lip; there was no repair until Angelina’s family came to the United States when Angelina was 12 years old. In Bali, Angelina and her family lived in a small and rural area where surgery was unavailable. Though the repair surgery in the United States a year ago was successful and Angelina now has a more aesthetically pleasing appearance and better speech, there is still audible nasal emission and hypernasality when she speaks. The clinician plans to refer Angelina to a local craniofacial team, but he still wants to conduct as thorough an examination as he can despite the lack of instrumentation available at his school site. The clinician does have access to an oral manometer. He uses his examination at the school site to provide a beginning point from which to refer Angelina to the craniofacial team. After obtaining a ratio by comparing pressures achieved in the nostrils-occluded and the nostrils-open conditions, the clinician concludes that Angelina needs to be referred to the craniofacial team for possible further surgery or a pharyngeal flap. When he did oral manometry, what did the clinician probably find that Angelina had?

A

A ratio of .87

37
Q

A mother brings her 3-year-old daughter, Shannon, to you. The mother is a pediatrician and is worried that Shannon’s “sounds are not developing the way they should. I wonder if she needs speech therapy.” What can you tell this mother?

A

Shannon should be in the process of mastering glides /w/ and /j/, but liquids /r/ and /l/ will probably develop later.

38
Q

You have been asked to counsel with John, a 70-year-old man who has smoked and drunk alcohol since he was a teenager. He now has laryngeal cancer, and, before surgery, the surgeon asks you to talk with John about esophageal speech. You explain to John that there are two basic types of esophageal speech. In one method, the patient is taught to keep the esophagus open and relaxed while inhaling rapidly. In the other method, the patient impounds the air in the oral cavity, pushes it back into the esophagus, and vibrates the cricopharyngeus muscle. What is the second method called?

A

Injection method

39
Q

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are supplied by the _______________

A

Middle cerebral artery

40
Q

The source-filter theory of speech production states that

A

the laryngeally produced sound is modified by the resonating cavities

41
Q

Employees at an infant-care program ask you for advice about a baby who has been placed in their care. They say the baby is “playing” with his speech mechanism and producing noises such as raspberries, squeals, yells, and some CV-like combinations. The baby is 5 months old. What do you tell the personnel?

A

This is normal; the baby is appropriately in the expansion stage of development

42
Q

A child is referred to a hospital-based clinician for assessment and treatment. In the child’s chart, it is stated that the child has a syndrome caused by spontaneous autosomal dominant mutations. The gene and the locus of this syndrome is FGR2 at 10q25–26. The child has midfacial hypoplasia, an arched and grooved hard palate, and mild mental retardation. What does the child have?

A

Apert Syndrome

43
Q

A mother brings her 4-year-old child, Aubrey, to you for an evaluation. She says that at preschool, children have difficulty understanding what Aubrey is saying. The preschool teachers are concerned because they think Aubrey “is behind in her pronunciation.” Your evaluation reveals that Aubrey does indeed need intervention, and you decide the most appropriate approach is a type of therapy based on metalinguistic awareness. In this therapy approach, you will help Aubrey improve her acquisition of rules of the phonological system. What will you be using?

A

Metaphon therapy

44
Q

What is the muscle that exerts the pull that allows the eustachian tube to open during yawning and swallowing?

A

Tensor palatini

45
Q

You have been referred a 75-year-old woman by a neurologist who suspects hypokinetic dysarthria in her and has requested a speech evaluation and diagnosis of her communication difficulties. To confirm a diagnosis of hypokinetic dysarthria, you will be especially alert to which of the following?

A

Symptoms of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, or Pick’s disease; evidence of damage to the basal ganglia; mask-like face; slowness of movement; micrographic writing; monopitch; and imprecise articulation, among other symptoms

46
Q

To diagnose stuttering, the clinician needs a definition of it. Although there are different definitions of stuttering, a majority of them consider forms of dysfluencies. Which of the following is a definition of stuttering that includes dysfluencies?

A

The one offered by Van Riper

47
Q

One major distinction between the pyramidal and the extrapyramidal systems is that

A

the pyramidal system controls voluntary and fine-motor movements, whereas the extrapyramidal system controls the postural support for fine-motor movement

48
Q

You are evaluating a 5-year-old boy whose mother abused alcohol while carrying her son. In your assessment, you would look for specific speech and language problems; in addition, you would also look for which of the following positive or negative signs?

A

Low birth weight and length, behavior problems, and possible swallowing difficulties

49
Q

A teacher has referred a second grader, Delanie, to you. As you assess Delanie’s language, you see that she has difficulty with word endings. For example, she says things such as “My candy is tasty than yours” instead of “My candy is tastier than yours,” or “He was happy than she was” instead of “He was happier than she was.” Delanie is having difficulty specifically with which aspect of language?

A

Morphology

50
Q

An investigator carries out a study in which the effect of rate of speech upon stuttering during sibling interaction is being investigated. The investigator gathers conversational samples from children who stutter and their siblings. In the control group, siblings are asked to speak as they normally would at home. In the experimental group, siblings are asked to speak much more quickly than they would at home. The investigator wishes to measure the rate of siblings’ speech upon the amount of stuttering done by the children who stutter. In other words, the investigator is asking if increased rate of siblings’ speech causes children to stutter more. In this study, what is the dependent variable?

A

The amount of stuttering done by the children who stutter when the siblings increase their rate of speech

51
Q

You are assessing a 60-year-old woman for a possible diagnosis of aphasia, and you are interested in the specific type of aphasia this woman might have. You notice that the woman has marked buccofacial apraxia. This condition alone might suggest which of the following?

A

Broca’s aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, or conduction aphasia

52
Q

While working in a hospital setting, you are asked to evaluate a 70-year-old patient who has had a brainstem stroke. The medical records indicate that the patient has difficulty swallowing. When you conduct test swallow trials, you observe anterior tongue movements, food residue in the anterior and lateral sulcus, premature swallow, and reduced range of tongue elevation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis you would make on this patient?

A

Predominantly a disorder of the oral phase

53
Q

What is the surgical method of cleft palate repair that involves raising two bipedicled flaps of mucoperiosteum, bringing them together, and attaching them to close the cleft?

A

Von Langenbeck surgical method

54
Q

Dynamics of speech production involve several important concepts. Select the statement that accurately describes one of the concepts of speech production dynamics.

A

Phonetic adaptations refer to the variations in articulatory movements and changes in vocal tract configurations.

55
Q

A 74-year-old bilingual Asian man has had a stroke, and you are seeing him for therapy. He is recovering both his primary language and his English skills, but you are working only in English. There are no interpreters available, unfortunately, and the family has indicated that they would prefer treatment to be conducted in English since many of the patient’s grandchildren speak English fluently. Which one of the following productions would be an example, on the patient’s part, of English influenced by his primary language and not the stroke?

A

“She going over there now.”

56
Q

Key parts of the auditory nervous system include cranial nerve VIII, which has two branches: the __________ branch and the __________ branch, which carries the electrical sound impulses from the cochlea to the brain.

A

vestibular, auditory-acoustic

57
Q

A clinician is a member of a cleft palate and craniofacial team, which asks her to conduct an objective assessment of a 6-year-old child’s velopharyngeal mechanism. The clinician decides to do nasopharyngoscopy, where the nasopharyngoscope is passed through the middle meatus and back to the area of velopharyngeal closure. What will this procedure enable the clinician to observe?

A

The child’s posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls, as well as the nasal aspect of the velum and the adenoid pad as the child produces sentences

58
Q

A child from Culber City transfers to Central City, and his file indicates that he had been receiving speech–language services in Culber City. Some pages of the report from the speech–language pathologist in Culber City are missing. However, the first page indicates that this child has Moebius syndrome. He also has a history of frequent hospitalizations. What can the Central City clinician probably expect to find?

A

This child has delayed language and an articulation disorder as well as bilabial paresis and weak tongue control for lateralization, elevation, depression, and protrusion; a mask-like face; a history of feeding problems in infancy; and unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the abductors of the eye.

59
Q

A child comes to your clinic with her mother for articulation and language therapy. The mother tells you that her daughter has Hurler’s syndrome. What causes Hurler’s syndrome?

A

Autosomal recessive deficiency of X-L iduronidase

60
Q

A clinician in a private practice is approached by the parents of Cole, a 5-year-old boy. They want to place Cole in kindergarten in the fall, but they share that “we know there’s something wrong with him; we’re just not sure what.” According to Cole’s parents, he is a “sweet, lovable boy who will go to anybody. He likes to sing a lot, too.” Because the parents live in a rural area, health-care access has been limited. After seeing Cole for the first time, the clinician refers his parents to a neurologist because she suspects that Cole has a syndrome. Cole is small for his age and has an elfin-like appearance characterized by a small chin, turned-up nose, puffiness around the eyes, a long upper lip, and a wide mouth. Cole’s teeth are small and widely spaced.

What does the clinician suspect that Cole has?

A

Williams syndrome

This syndrome is caused by a rare genetic disorder that affects an estimated 1 out of every 20,000 babies. It is caused by an abnormality on chromosome 7, including a gene that makes the protein elastin

61
Q

As a clinician, you are concerned with using the most appropriate assessment approach that suits your clients, avoids false positive or false negative diagnoses, helps generate treatment goals, and is fair to clients of all ethnocultural backgrounds, including mainstream clients. To accomplish this assessment goal, you would select which of the following approaches?

A

Integrated approach

62
Q

A person with otosclerosis often has an audiogram reflecting Carhart’s notch. What is Carhart’s notch?

A

A specific loss at 2000 Hz as indicated by bone-conduction testing

63
Q

The description of the different phases of normal swallow suggest that

A

in spite of being analyzed in terms of phases, swallowing typically is a continuous process.

64
Q

Allophones

A

may vary from production to production

65
Q

The process of a sound wave traveling back after hitting an obstacle, with no change in speed is called _______

A

reflection

66
Q

What do the 11 paired internal intercostals do?

A

Pull ribs downward to decrease the diameter of the thoracic cavity for exhalation