More Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the criteria for a palatal lift prosthesis?

A

The patient must have good articulation

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2
Q

How is esophageal speech produced?

A

By trapping air in the upper esophagus

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3
Q

What are cohesive devises?

A

Syntactic ability to form a coherent unified message; link elements

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4
Q

How could an SLP best serve client with Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Help caregivers meet the client’s basic needs

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5
Q

What does left recurrent laryngeal nerve damage result in?

A

Paralysis of the left VF and pharynx

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6
Q

What is true of phonemic awareness training?

A

It may have no direct relationship to reading

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7
Q

How can you describe whispering?

A

It is aperiodic

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8
Q

What are cerebellar symptoms?

A

Overshooting/undershooting targets

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9
Q

Where are high tones perceived (in which part of cochlea)?

A

Basal portion of cochlea (outside - greater stiffness)

However, MORE of basilar membrane is stimulated by low frequency sounds - apical end (inside)

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10
Q

Damage to what area of the brain would result in problems with memory?

A

Hippocampus

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11
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

A decrease in tongue pressure, usually seen in the aging population

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12
Q

Which sound occurs less frequently in English?

A

/sh/

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13
Q

What voice disorder would result from chronic stress, glottal fry, and extensive voice use?

A

Contact ulcers

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14
Q

What is the purpose of cognitive therapy for stuttering?

A

Changing distorted beliefs about self-efficacy and the need for fluency

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15
Q

What can be done to provide remediation for a falsetto voice in an adult male?

A

Manual depression of the larynx

By doing this, you lengthen the VF so that they vibrate at a lower frequency and pitch is perceived as being lower

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16
Q

The processes of fronting and consonant deletion should be suppressed ________ (before/after) the process of gliding

A

Before

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17
Q

What would be a sign of food or liquid pooling in the valleculae?

A

The patient coughs after swallowing

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18
Q

Anoxic encephalopathy can cause ________

A

Oxygen deprivation to the brain - memory impairment

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19
Q

What are some features of Spanish language that can interfere with English language production?

A

Multiple negations
Omission of plural -s, possessive ‘s, past-tense -ed
Adjective comes after noun (The house green)
Adverb comes after verb (He drives very fast his car)
Superiority is indicated with ‘mas’ (The cake is more big)

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20
Q

What are some features of AAE dialect that can interfere with standard English language production?

A

Initial /th/ becomes /d/ (them becomes dem)
Final /th/ becomes /f/ (mouth becomes mouf)
Final consonant deletion
Deletion of copula (He a hard worker)
Lack of past tense marker (Last week he cook dinner)
Absence of plural -s, Absence of possessive ‘s
Multiple negation (She ain’t got no money for nobody)
Irregular verb form usage (She seen him)
Inflection of ‘be’ (We be sleeping)

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21
Q

What are some features of Asian language that can interfere with English language production?

A

Double negatives
Past tense double markings (He didn’t went by himself)
Misuse/Omission of preposition (She is in home)
Misuse of pronouns (She husband is coming)
Incorrect use of comparatives (This book is gooder)
Omission of plurals, copula, possessives, past tense

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22
Q

What muscle is responsible for soft palate depression?

A

Palatoglossus (and also responsible for elevation)

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23
Q

What therapeutic technique can be used for a client that is having trouble with medialization of the vocal folds?

A

Hard glottal attack

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24
Q

What are some characteristics of SLI?

A

Difficulty with prosody

Difficulty producing utterances that are syntactically and morphologically well formed

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25
What is a feature of hemifacial microsomia?
Ear malformation
26
What are some features of premenstural vocal syndrome?
Vocal fatigue Truncated high range Loss of vocal power
27
What are some features of menopause?
Loss of hydration of VF, reduced glandular secretions - decreased laryngeal secretions = dry epithelium, increased stiffness of VF cover Vocal fatigue Dryness of throat Muscular atrophy Lower frequency levels Increased affects of androgens are the cause
28
What could be a result of damage to the extrapyramidal tract?
Tics, muscle spasms, muscle rigidity | Parkinson's disease
29
Which section of the basal ganglia produces dopamine?
Substantia nigra
30
The medial thyroid ligament connects ___________
The thyroid to the hyoid
31
Changes that occur when switching from life breathing to speech breathing:
1) Breathing for life = 10%VC 500mL of air Breathing for speech = 20%VC 2) Breathing for life = abs displaced outward relative to rib cage Breathing for speech = abs displaced inward 3) Breathing for life = passive exhalation Breathing for speech = active exhalation 4) Breathing for life = 40% of time spent inhaling Breathing for speech = 10% of time spent inhaling 5) Breathing for life = through nose Breathing for speech = through mouth
32
When does Resting Expiratory Level (REL) occur?
REL occurs at the end of every inspiration/expiration | At this point alveolar pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure
33
List 3 paired and 3 unpaired cartilages of thyroid?
Unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis Paired: arytenoids, cuneiforms, corniculates 1 bone: hyoid
34
What is the Bernoulli effect?
fluid flowing through a narrow channel will increase in speed, decreasing pressure
35
Where is the zone of language?
Left hemisphere between frontal-temporal-parietal regions | Auditory association cortex, Premotor region of motor strip
36
What is the motor homonculus?
upside-down sensory or motor map of contralateral side of body
37
What is the Circle of Willis?
Arteries can move blood around a clot to the brain Occlusion above COF is problematic Safety valve function
38
The long association fiber connecting Broca's area to Wernicke's area is called the ______
Arcuate Fasciculus | - Damage to this region results in impaired repetition and more specifically to Conduction aphasia
39
Damage to the angular gyrus would cause problems in _________ and _________
Reading and writing | Alexia & agraphia
40
How can you distinguish between dysarthria and apraxia?
``` Dysarthria = motor control problem - poor coordination of breathing + speech Apraxia = motor control intact, no weakness - problems initiating speech, groping sensation ```
41
Aphasia is more ______ than TBI
Focal
42
Why is a one-mass model unsatisfactory for describing vocal fold motion?
VFs do not move in unison Two mass model (Double Helmholtz resonator) is more accurate - shows each VF as having an upper + lower section that move independently
43
What muscles adduct the VFs?
Lateral and Transverse Cricoarytenoids
44
Which muscle abduct the VFs?
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
45
What is the volume that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?
Vital Capacity
46
What is thermotactile stimulation used for?
Treatment of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease
47
Piaget's Stages
``` Sensorimotor 0-2 yrs Preoperational 2-7 yrs Concrete Operational 7-11 yrs Formal Operational 11+ Believed in cognitive determinism ```
48
What is the purpose of varying intonation when speaking to infants?
Varying pitch, loudness and rhythm dictate who the infant decides to listen to
49
Describe the Nativist theory
Intervention focus is syntax Language and thought are believed to be independent but related skills CHOMSKY
50
Describe the Behaviorist Theory
Strong role of environment and reinforcement | SKINNER
51
What did Vygotsky believe in?
Mediated learning experience Scaffolding (interactions with adult) Language and thought influence each other Zone of Proximal Development: difference between what a child can do with and without adult assistance
52
Assimilation vs. Accomodation
Assimilation: Children apply info to an existing cognitive scheme Accommodation: New info changes a child's cognitive scheme
53
Describe the process of extinction
Continuous access to a reinforcer is not longer provided after a previously reinforced behavior, which decreases that behavior
54
Four main components of speech
Respiration, Phonation, Articulation, Resonance
55
LMN damage results in ______________
Hypotonia; flaccid dysarthria or paralysis Breathy voice, phonatory incompetenc, resonatory incompetence Myasthenia Gravis
56
UMN damage results in __________
Hypertonia; spastic dysarthria, hyperactive reflexes Strained-strangled, harsh voice, slow rate, prosody insufficiency Unilateral Stroke
57
Cerebellar damage results in _________
Ataxic dysarthia | Friedrich's ataxia
58
Muscles of the mouth
Orbicularis oris rounds lips Risorius retracts lips for a smile Buccinator compresses lips, pucker
59
When producing nasals velum is ______
Lowered
60
Opening of Eustachian tube
Tensor veli palatini | Salpingopharyngeus
61
Damage to basal ganglia results in ___________ or _______________ (Basal ganglia are in the extrapyramidal system)
Hypokinetic Dysarthria (rigidity, decreased ROM) - Parkinson's Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Involuntary movements) - Huntington's Chorea
62
Which of the following areas needs to be evaluated first for a 5 year old who says [pun] for “spoon” and [top] for “soap”?
Phonological system
63
Which of the following provides the most important diagnostic information to an SLP making a differential diagnosis between childhood apraxia of speech and flaccid dysarthria in a child?
A history of the child’s language development