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Praxis/Comps > More Practice Questions > Flashcards

More Practice Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the criteria for a palatal lift prosthesis?

A

The patient must have good articulation

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2
Q

How is esophageal speech produced?

A

By trapping air in the upper esophagus

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3
Q

What are cohesive devises?

A

Syntactic ability to form a coherent unified message; link elements

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4
Q

How could an SLP best serve client with Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Help caregivers meet the client’s basic needs

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5
Q

What does left recurrent laryngeal nerve damage result in?

A

Paralysis of the left VF and pharynx

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6
Q

What is true of phonemic awareness training?

A

It may have no direct relationship to reading

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7
Q

How can you describe whispering?

A

It is aperiodic

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8
Q

What are cerebellar symptoms?

A

Overshooting/undershooting targets

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9
Q

Where are high tones perceived (in which part of cochlea)?

A

Basal portion of cochlea (outside - greater stiffness)

However, MORE of basilar membrane is stimulated by low frequency sounds - apical end (inside)

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10
Q

Damage to what area of the brain would result in problems with memory?

A

Hippocampus

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11
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

A decrease in tongue pressure, usually seen in the aging population

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12
Q

Which sound occurs less frequently in English?

A

/sh/

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13
Q

What voice disorder would result from chronic stress, glottal fry, and extensive voice use?

A

Contact ulcers

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14
Q

What is the purpose of cognitive therapy for stuttering?

A

Changing distorted beliefs about self-efficacy and the need for fluency

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15
Q

What can be done to provide remediation for a falsetto voice in an adult male?

A

Manual depression of the larynx

By doing this, you lengthen the VF so that they vibrate at a lower frequency and pitch is perceived as being lower

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16
Q

The processes of fronting and consonant deletion should be suppressed ________ (before/after) the process of gliding

A

Before

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17
Q

What would be a sign of food or liquid pooling in the valleculae?

A

The patient coughs after swallowing

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18
Q

Anoxic encephalopathy can cause ________

A

Oxygen deprivation to the brain - memory impairment

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19
Q

What are some features of Spanish language that can interfere with English language production?

A

Multiple negations
Omission of plural -s, possessive ‘s, past-tense -ed
Adjective comes after noun (The house green)
Adverb comes after verb (He drives very fast his car)
Superiority is indicated with ‘mas’ (The cake is more big)

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20
Q

What are some features of AAE dialect that can interfere with standard English language production?

A

Initial /th/ becomes /d/ (them becomes dem)
Final /th/ becomes /f/ (mouth becomes mouf)
Final consonant deletion
Deletion of copula (He a hard worker)
Lack of past tense marker (Last week he cook dinner)
Absence of plural -s, Absence of possessive ‘s
Multiple negation (She ain’t got no money for nobody)
Irregular verb form usage (She seen him)
Inflection of ‘be’ (We be sleeping)

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21
Q

What are some features of Asian language that can interfere with English language production?

A

Double negatives
Past tense double markings (He didn’t went by himself)
Misuse/Omission of preposition (She is in home)
Misuse of pronouns (She husband is coming)
Incorrect use of comparatives (This book is gooder)
Omission of plurals, copula, possessives, past tense

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22
Q

What muscle is responsible for soft palate depression?

A

Palatoglossus (and also responsible for elevation)

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23
Q

What therapeutic technique can be used for a client that is having trouble with medialization of the vocal folds?

A

Hard glottal attack

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24
Q

What are some characteristics of SLI?

A

Difficulty with prosody

Difficulty producing utterances that are syntactically and morphologically well formed

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25
Q

What is a feature of hemifacial microsomia?

A

Ear malformation

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26
Q

What are some features of premenstural vocal syndrome?

A

Vocal fatigue
Truncated high range
Loss of vocal power

27
Q

What are some features of menopause?

A

Loss of hydration of VF, reduced glandular secretions
- decreased laryngeal secretions = dry epithelium, increased stiffness of VF cover
Vocal fatigue
Dryness of throat
Muscular atrophy
Lower frequency levels
Increased affects of androgens are the cause

28
Q

What could be a result of damage to the extrapyramidal tract?

A

Tics, muscle spasms, muscle rigidity

Parkinson’s disease

29
Q

Which section of the basal ganglia produces dopamine?

A

Substantia nigra

30
Q

The medial thyroid ligament connects ___________

A

The thyroid to the hyoid

31
Q

Changes that occur when switching from life breathing to speech breathing:

A

1) Breathing for life = 10%VC 500mL of air
Breathing for speech = 20%VC
2) Breathing for life = abs displaced outward relative to rib cage
Breathing for speech = abs displaced inward
3) Breathing for life = passive exhalation
Breathing for speech = active exhalation
4) Breathing for life = 40% of time spent inhaling
Breathing for speech = 10% of time spent inhaling
5) Breathing for life = through nose
Breathing for speech = through mouth

32
Q

When does Resting Expiratory Level (REL) occur?

A

REL occurs at the end of every inspiration/expiration

At this point alveolar pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

33
Q

List 3 paired and 3 unpaired cartilages of thyroid?

A

Unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
Paired: arytenoids, cuneiforms, corniculates
1 bone: hyoid

34
Q

What is the Bernoulli effect?

A

fluid flowing through a narrow channel will increase in speed, decreasing pressure

35
Q

Where is the zone of language?

A

Left hemisphere between frontal-temporal-parietal regions

Auditory association cortex, Premotor region of motor strip

36
Q

What is the motor homonculus?

A

upside-down sensory or motor map of contralateral side of body

37
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

Arteries can move blood around a clot to the brain
Occlusion above COF is problematic
Safety valve function

38
Q

The long association fiber connecting Broca’s area to Wernicke’s area is called the ______

A

Arcuate Fasciculus

- Damage to this region results in impaired repetition and more specifically to Conduction aphasia

39
Q

Damage to the angular gyrus would cause problems in _________ and _________

A

Reading and writing

Alexia & agraphia

40
Q

How can you distinguish between dysarthria and apraxia?

A 
Dysarthria = motor control problem - poor coordination of breathing + speech
Apraxia = motor control intact, no weakness - problems initiating speech, groping sensation
41
Q

Aphasia is more ______ than TBI

A

Focal

42
Q

Why is a one-mass model unsatisfactory for describing vocal fold motion?

A

VFs do not move in unison
Two mass model (Double Helmholtz resonator) is more accurate - shows each VF as having an upper + lower section that move independently

43
Q

What muscles adduct the VFs?

A

Lateral and Transverse Cricoarytenoids

44
Q

Which muscle abduct the VFs?

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

45
Q

What is the volume that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?

A

Vital Capacity

46
Q

What is thermotactile stimulation used for?

A

Treatment of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson’s disease

47
Q

Piaget’s Stages

A 
Sensorimotor 0-2 yrs
Preoperational 2-7 yrs
Concrete Operational 7-11 yrs
Formal Operational 11+
Believed in cognitive determinism
48
Q

What is the purpose of varying intonation when speaking to infants?

A

Varying pitch, loudness and rhythm dictate who the infant decides to listen to

49
Q

Describe the Nativist theory

A

Intervention focus is syntax
Language and thought are believed to be independent but related skills
CHOMSKY

50
Q

Describe the Behaviorist Theory

A

Strong role of environment and reinforcement

SKINNER

51
Q

What did Vygotsky believe in?

A

Mediated learning experience
Scaffolding (interactions with adult)
Language and thought influence each other
Zone of Proximal Development: difference between what a child can do with and without adult assistance

52
Q

Assimilation vs. Accomodation

A

Assimilation: Children apply info to an existing cognitive scheme
Accommodation: New info changes a child’s cognitive scheme

53
Q

Describe the process of extinction

A

Continuous access to a reinforcer is not longer provided after a previously reinforced behavior, which decreases that behavior

54
Q

Four main components of speech

A

Respiration, Phonation, Articulation, Resonance

55
Q

LMN damage results in ______________

A

Hypotonia; flaccid dysarthria or paralysis
Breathy voice, phonatory incompetenc, resonatory incompetence
Myasthenia Gravis

56
Q

UMN damage results in __________

A

Hypertonia; spastic dysarthria, hyperactive reflexes
Strained-strangled, harsh voice, slow rate, prosody insufficiency
Unilateral Stroke

57
Q

Cerebellar damage results in _________

A

Ataxic dysarthia

Friedrich’s ataxia

58
Q

Muscles of the mouth

A

Orbicularis oris rounds lips
Risorius retracts lips for a smile
Buccinator compresses lips, pucker

59
Q

When producing nasals velum is ______

A

Lowered

60
Q

Opening of Eustachian tube

A

Tensor veli palatini

Salpingopharyngeus

61
Q

Damage to basal ganglia results in ___________ or _______________
(Basal ganglia are in the extrapyramidal system)

A

Hypokinetic Dysarthria (rigidity, decreased ROM)
- Parkinson’s
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Involuntary movements)
- Huntington’s Chorea

62
Q

Which of the following areas needs to be evaluated first for a 5 year old who says [pun] for “spoon” and [top] for “soap”?

A

Phonological system

63
Q

Which of the following provides the most important diagnostic information to an SLP making a differential diagnosis between childhood apraxia of speech and flaccid dysarthria in a child?

A

A history of the child’s language development

Praxis/Comps (7 decks)

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