Swallowing

Question 1

What are the steps in swallowing?

Answer 1

oral prep, oral transport, pharyngeal phase, and esophageal phase

Question 2

What is the oral prep phase?

Answer 2

first stage of swallowing where the food or drink is formed into a bolus and contained in the oral cavity.

Question 3

What is phase 1 of the oral prep phase?

Answer 3

You ingest food and it is contained in the oral cavity. An anteroral seal is formed using the following muscles (all innervated by CN V): bucinnator, orbicularis oris, and perioral muscles.

Question 4

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue is innervated by the __________

Answer 4

chorda tympani of CN VII

Question 5

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue is innervated by the ________

Answer 5

CN IX

Question 6

Taste from the epiglottis’s lingual surface is innervated by the ______

Answer 6

CN X

Question 7

What other sensory system is involved in taste?

Answer 7

olfaction

Question 8

What is the pharyngeal phase?

Answer 8

third stage of swallowing in which bolus is transported from the mouth to the esophagus

Question 9

What is the esophageal phase?

Answer 9

fourth stage of swallowing in which the bolus is transported from the esophagus to the stomach through primary peristalsis and, if necessary, secondary peristalsis

Question 10

What CN is involved in the esophageal phase?

Answer 10

CN X

Question 11

What are the steps in the pharyngeal phase?

Answer 11

velopharyngeal seal is formed by the soft palate making contact with the posterior pharyngeal wall –> bolus is propelled to the back of the throat by the tongue —> larynx closed, starting from the true VFs to false VFs to aryepiglottic cartilages to epiglottic base to epiglottic deflection —-> epiglottis is deflected which moves the bolus out of the valleculae —-> UES opens by relaxation of the cricopharyngeus muslces —–> Bolus is transported to the esophagus by peristalsis and shortening of the pharynx

Question 12

What are the most effective oropharyngeal sites for triggering the pharyngeal swallow?

Answer 12

anterior and posterior faucial pillars, soft palate, posterior pharyngeal wall, posterior tongue

Question 13

What is the difference between FEES and VFSS?

Answer 13

FEES is a live video of a person swallowing, whereas VFSS is a video x-ray of a person swallowing. An SLP can view the pharyngeal phase of swallowing through FEES. With VFSS, an SLP can view the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages of swallowing