Palate, Tongue, Vocal Folds, Larynx, CN VII and CN IX pathways Flashcards
What does the palate do?
it blocks nasal cavities during swallowing and controls the degree of coupling between the nasal cavity and vocal tract during speech
What is the styloglossus muscle?
extrinsic tongue muscle; lifts sides of the tongue up and makes it move backward
What is the hyoglossus muscle?
extrinsic tongue muscle; pulls sides of the tongue down and retracts (i.e., pulls back) the tongue; it also elevates larynx by pulling hyoid bone superiorly.
What is the palatoglossus muscle?
extrinsic tongue muscle and depressor muscle of soft palate; pulls base of tongue up and back
What is the genioglossus muscle?
extrinsic tongue muscle; sticks out the tongue and brings the central part of it down
What innervates the styloglossus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus muscles?
hypoglossal muscle (i.e., CN XII)
What are the structures of the VFs from most superficial to deep?
squamous epithelium, lamina propria (superficial elastin fibers, intermediate elastin fibers, and collagen fibers), and thyroarytenoid muscle)
What two intrinsic parts of the larynx does the conus elasticus make up?
cricothyroid ligament and cricothyroid membrane
What does the larynx do?
acts as a valve for thoracic fixation; is a way for air to flow through for respiration; is a source of voice; protects airway from foreign objects entering it.
What CN innervates the cricothyroid muscle?
external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve of CN X
What CN innervates the levator veli palatini and musculus uvulae?
spinal accesory nerve via the pharyngeal branch of CN X and the pharygneal plexus
What CN innervates the tensor veli palatini? What is its functions?
CN V - Mandibular branch; flattens and tenses the soft palate and opens eustachian tube during yawning and swallowing
What CN innervates the palatoglossus muscle? What does it do?
Spinal accessory nerve via the pharyngeal branch of CN X; it brings the body of the tongue up and back; it depresses the soft palate
What CN innervates the palatopharyngeus muscle? What does it do?
Spinal accesory nerve via the pharyngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve of CN X; it lifts the larynx and pharynx and direct bolus down into the pharynx during swallowing; it depresses the soft palate too.
What bones make up the hard palate?
2 maxillary bones and 2 palatine bones
What is the cavity (or space) in the larynx between the false vocal folds and true vocal folds?
Ventricle
Before entering the false vocal folds, you must pass through the _______ and then the _______
aditus laryngis (entryway of larynx) and vestibule
What cranial nerves innervates the tranverse interarytenoids, oblique interarytenoids, and lateral cricoarytenoids?
Recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X
The thyroarytenoid muscles consists of ____________ and ___________. Its function is to ___________. The CN that innervates both parts of it is _______ .
thyrovocalis muscle and thyromuscularis muscle; increase or decrease fundamental frequency; RLN of CN X
What is the function of the thyrovocalis muscle?
it works together with the cricothyroid muscle to control VF tension
What is the function of thyromuscularis muscle?
its medial fibers shorten and relax VFs and its lateral fibers helps adduct VFs
What are the two ways to control your voice?
medial compression for loudness (positive correlation) and longitudinal tension for pitch (inverse relationship)
What is the anterior belly and posterior belly of the digastricus muscle?
two parts of the digastric muscles that elevate and protrude the hyoid, thereby elevating the larynx.