Sustainability lesson 3 - 4 Flashcards
ecological footprint
Switzerland = 3,3 planets USA = 4.8 planets Belgium = 4.3 planets
Anthropocene epoch
- Anthropos - human being
- cene - new
- time where the collective activities of humans began to alter Earth’s environment
- geological epoch 11,500 years due to industrialization
From Modernism to Postmodernism (18th century - 1940s)
- Values, norms and human behavior more stable
- Postmodernism: fast moving period where previous values, norms, activities changed rapidly
- Jared diamond -> the world until yesterday = books on how Mayans cutting trees changed climate
Historical overview of a sustainable development
1972: Stockholm - focused on economic sustainability. clubs of Rome - infinite growth is impossible
1986: brundtland commission - international awareness on sustainable development
1992: Rio Summit - focus on environment
2002: Johannesburg - focused on social inclusion
2015 - Paris Agreement - climate change
- The Bottom Billion (book) - 2007: focused on development traps
Ethical Approaches toward more equality in Hospitality and Tourism
- Confucianism, Buddhism, Aristotle (foundations of human civilizations)
- Judaism; Christianism; Islam (Monotheist religions)
- Kant (1724 – 1804)
- Ultilitarianism (18 – 19th C) – Jeremy Bentham (1748 – 1832)
- Libertarianism (19th C.)
- Human rights approach
- Confucianism, Buddhism, Aristotle (foundations of human civilizations)
- Eudaimonia – human wellbeing – “flourishing life”
- Man as a social animal – objective: to become a good citizen
- Materialism: short-term manner to happiness
- Altruism: good virtues (essence of life)
- Judaism; Christianism; Islam (Monotheist religions)
- Golden Rule: “Do not do to others what you would not want them to do to you”
- ZAKAT - purification (Muslim)
- Universal message: EQUALITY in front of God and just behavior toward others -> solidarity with the poor
- Kant (1724 – 1804)
- Duty of rational principles – adopting a universal standard of behaviours
- Universal law (goal): Maximizing the living conditions of every member of the society
- Categorical imperative: we should behave in a universal manner
- John Rawls (1921 – 2002): A theory of justice (1971)
- Ultilitarianism (18 – 19th C) – Jeremy Bentham (1748 – 1832)
- Miximizing utility for people to achieve a wellbeing
- Greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
- Politics and economy should serve all people
- Redistribution of wealth: healthcare, education, rights, etc
- Long-term ‘investment’ in society
- Libertarianism (19th C.)
- Meaning of life: LIBERTY (vague concept, driving force, intellectual, between members of society, initiates sustainable)
- Government should impact less, economy develops better
- Upper class gains, lower class loses
- Current economic view today
- Human rights approach
- Every human has inherent rights (health, decent life, education)
- UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) since 2015 (impact)
- Merit goods: right to health coverage; education
The Age of Sustainable Development - Jeffrey Sachs
- New development in human history
- SD is not triple bottom theory - economic development with social inclusion and environmental sustainability
- corporate social responsibility: long-lasting companies
economic development
technology, internet, transportation
social inclusion
local employment, infrastructure development, culture and social revitalization
- indigenous people fragile to globalization
environmental sustainability
culture relativism, awareness of climate change, pollution
